东北蹄盖蕨Athyrium brevifrons Nakai ex Kitagawa

别名：带岭蹄盖蕨;猴腿蹄盖蕨;宝古尼-奥衣麻金;多齿蹄盖蕨;猴腿;河北蹄盖蕨;雾灵山蹄盖蕨;短叶蹄盖蕨;长白山蹄盖蕨;猴腿菜;短柄蹄盖蕨;东北杆蹄盖蕨;短葉蹄盖蕨;

科名：蹄盖蕨科 Athyriaceae

属名：蹄盖蕨属 Athyrium

《中国植物志》第3(2)卷162页
  30. 东北蹄盖蕨（中国高等植物图鉴）短叶蹄盖蕨（中国主要植物图说蕨类植物门）、猴腿蹄盖蕨（东北草本植物志）、多齿蹄盖蕨（中国高等植物图鉴）、雾灵山蹄盖蕨（中国蕨类植物孢子形态）、长白山蹄盖蕨（植物研究）、带岭蹄盖蕨、河北蹄盖蕨（西北植物学报）图版34: 5
  Athyrium brevifrons Nakai ex Kitagawa in Rep. First Sci. Exped. Manch. Sect. 4(2): 75. 1935 et Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 27. 1939; Kitagawa, Fl. Manch. 27. 1939; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说 蕨类植物门112, 图144. 1957; Tagawa, Col. III. Jap. Pterid. 121, t. 47, f. 260. 1959; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 178. t. 356. 1972; Nakaike, Enum, Pterid., Jap. 129. 1975 et New Fl. Jap. Pterid. 275, cum f. 1982 et l. c. Rev. Enl. 1992; J. Z. Liu in S. Y. He, Fl. Hebei. 1: 135, f. 105. 1986; 李建秀等, 山东植物志上卷: 64, 图29. 1990; Y. J. Ling et al. in T. W. Liu, Fl. Shanxi. 1: 75, f. 42. 1992; 贺士元, 北京植物志, 修订版, 上册: 20, 图24. 1992. ——Athyrium multidentatum Ching apud 张玉良等, 东北草本植物志1: 40. 1958. non Doll 1855. [err. gen.basion. "Athyrium"]; 贺士元, 北京植物志 上册: 87. 1962; 修订版, 上册: 19. 1992; Pic. Ser., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 4: 37. 1965; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 178. 1972; J. Z. Liu in S. Y. He, Fl. Hebei. 1: 135. 1986; Y. J. Ling et al. in T. W. Liu, Fl. Shanxi. 1: 75, f. 41. 1992; J. Z. Wang et S. H. Li in P. Y. Fu et al., Clavis Plant. Chin. Bor. -Orient. 2nd ed. 35, pl. 8, f. 5. 1995. ——Athyrium filix- femina (L.) Roth var. multidentatum Fomin in Busch. Fl. Sibir. et Orient. Extr. 5: 108. 1930. non Doll. 1855. ——Athyrium filix-femina auct. non Roth 1799: Kom., Fl. Mansh. 1: 130. 1901, pro parte. ——Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth var. longipes Hara in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 48: 691. 1934. ——Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ssp. melanolepis (Franch. et Sav.) Love et Love var. longipes Hara in Love, Love and Pic. Ser., Cytotaxon. AtlasPterid. 278. 1977. ——Athyrium acutidentatum ( "acuti-dentatum") Ching in Ching et Hsieh in Acta Bot. Bor. -Occ. Sin. 6 (3): 150. 1986; Y. L. Chang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 208, t. 42, f. 19, 23. 1976, nom. nud. ; J. Z. Liu in S. Y. He, Fl. Hebei. 1: 134. 1986, nom. nud. ——Athyrium extensum Ching in Y. L. Chang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 209, t. 42, f. 24, 28. 1976, nom. nud. ——Athyrium changbaishanense Ching et J. J. Chien in Bull. Bot. Res. 4: 128-129. 1984. non Ching 1983, nom. nud. ——Athyrium dailingense Ching in Ching et Hsieh in Acta Bot. Bor. -Occ. Sin. 6 (1): 18. 1986; J. Z. Wang et S. H. Li in P. Y. Fu et al., Clavis Plant. Chin. Bor. -Orient. 2nd ed. 35. 1995. ——Athyrium hebeiense Ching in Ching et Hsieh in Acta Bot. Bor. -Occ. Sin. 6 (3): 158. 1986 ; J. Z. Liu in S. Y. He, Fl. Hebei. 1: 135. 1986. nom. nud.; 贺士元, 北京植物志, 修订版, 上册: 19. 1992.
  根状茎短，直立或斜升，先端和叶柄基部密被深褐色、披针形的大鳞片；叶簇生。能育叶长35-120厘米；叶柄长15-55厘米，基部直径2.5-4 (-6) 毫米，黑褐色，向上禾秆色或带淡紫红色，近光滑，略带浅褐色小鳞片；叶片卵形至卵状披针形，长20-65厘米，中部宽20-35厘米，先端渐尖，基部圆截形，几不变狭，二回羽状；羽片约15-18对，基部1-2对对生，向上的互生，斜展，近无柄或有极短柄（长约2毫米），基部1-2对羽片不缩短或略缩短，长10-20厘米，中部羽片披针性至线状披针形，长12-20厘米，宽约3-6厘米，先端长渐尖，基部近对称，截形或下侧圆楔形，一回羽状；小羽片18-28对，基部的近对生，阔披针形，向上的互生，近平展，几无柄，披针形至镰刀状披针形，长1.5-3厘米，基部宽5-9毫米，渐尖头或尖头，并有短尖锯齿，基部近对称，上侧略凸起，下侧阔楔形，略与羽轴合生，并下延，两侧边缘羽裂达1/2-2/3；裂片10-15对，近三角形或长方形，斜向上，披针形，向上部变狭，边缘和先端均有长而尖的锯齿或短钝齿。叶脉上面不显，下面可见，在裂片上为羽状，侧脉2-4对，斜向上，单一。叶干后坚草质，褐绿色，两面无毛；叶轴和羽轴下面淡褐禾秆色或带淡紫红色，疏被浅褐色、卷缩的棘头状短腺毛。孢子囊群长圆形、弯钩形或马蹄形，生于基部上侧小脉，每裂片1枚，在基部较大裂片上往往有2-3对；囊群盖同形，浅褐色，膜质，边缘啮蚀状，宿存。孢子周壁表面无褶皱，有颗粒状纹饰。染色体数目n=40。
  分布于黑龙江（小兴安岭带岭）、吉林（长白山）、辽宁、内蒙古（大兴安岭）、北京（怀柔、密云坡头）、河北（赤城、涞源、龙关、蔚县小五台、兴隆雾灵山、遵化东陵）、山西（霍县、宁武、沁县、娄烦、洪洞、交城）和山东北部。生针阔叶混交林下或阔叶林下，海拔300-2010米。俄罗斯远东地区、朝鲜半岛和日本也有分布。模式标本采自中国东北。
  本种和黑龙江蹄盖蕨Athyrium rubripes（Kom.）Kom.十分相近，其间关系还有待进一步研究。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Athyrium brevifrons  Nakai ex Tagawa Col. Illustr. Jap. Pteridoph. 180. 1959.
东北蹄盖蕨   dong bei ti gai jue
Based on Athyrium filix-femina (Linnaeus) Roth var. longipes Hara, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 691. 1959; A. acutidentatum Ching; A. changbaishanense Ching & J. J. Chien; A. dailingense Ching; A. hebeiense Ching.
Rhizomes short, erect or ascending, apex densely clothed with dark brown, lanceolate, large scales. Fronds caespitose; fertile fronds 35-120 cm; stipe blackish brown at base, upward stramineous or pale purplish red, 15-55 cm, base 2.5-4(-6) mm in diam., similarly densely scaly, upward glabrate, with sparse brownish small scales; lamina 2-pinnate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 20-65 × 20-35 cm at middle, base rounded-truncate and hardly narrowed, apex acuminate; pinnae 15-18 pairs, basal 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae opposite, upper pinnae alternate, ascending, subsessile or shortly stalked (stalk ca. 2 mm), 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae not or slightly shortened, 10-20 cm; middle pinnae lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 12-20 × 3-6 cm, base subequilateral, truncate or rounded-cuneate on basiscopic side, pinnate, apex long acuminate; pinnules 18-28 pairs, basal pinnules subopposite, broadly lanceolate; upper pinnules alternate, subspreading, subsessile, lanceolate to falcate-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm × 5-9 mm at base, base subequilateral, slightly auriculate on acroscopic side, broadly cuneate on basiscopic side, decurrent and slightly adnate to costae, pinnatipartite to 1/2-2/3, apex acuminate or acute; pinnule segments 10-15 pairs, subtriangular, oblong, or lanceolate, oblique, toothed at apex and margin; veins inconspicuous adaxially, visible abaxially, pinnate in segments, lateral veins 2-4 pairs, oblique, simple. Lamina thickly herbaceous when dried, greenish brown, glabrate on both surfaces; rachis and costae brownish stramineous or pale purplish red, with sparse brownish, squarrose glandular hairs abaxially. Sori oblong, J-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped, inframedial on basal acroscopic veins, single per segment, often 2 or 3 pairs per basal large segments; indusia brownish, oblong, J-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped, membranous, erose at margin, persistent. Perispore surface without folds, with granular ornamentation. 2n = 80*.
Broad-leaved forests, mixed forests; 300-2100 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, N Shandong, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, E Russia].
Athyrium brevifrons is very close to A. rubripes, but their relationship is still in need of investigation.The name “Athyrium brevifrons Naki” used for this taxon in FRPS (3(2): 162. 1999) was ascribed to Kitagawa (Rep. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. 4(2): 75. 1935), but that is a nomen nudum, as are most other citations given in FRPS. However, by including the valid taxon A. filix-femina (Linnaeus) Roth var. longipes as a synonym, Tagawa effectively validated the binomial Athyrium brevifrons Nakai ex Tagawa. The name A. multidentatum (D?ll) Ching, based on Aspidium filix-femina Swartz var. multidentatum D?ll, has been included within this taxon and would have priority, but Ching indicated that the inclusion was based on a misapplication of the name by Fomin (Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 5: 108. 1930). D?ll’s protologue has not been seen, but if, as seems likely, it was based on European material Ching’s interpretation would seem correct. “Athyrium extensum” (Ching in Y. L. Zhang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 209. 1976) belongs here but was not validly published because no Latin description or diagnosis, or reference to such, was provided (Melbourne Code, Art. 39.1).