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棘茎楤木Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz.

棘茎楤木Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz.

别名:小刺穿头;刺茎楤木;刺龙苞;顶天刺;红刺包头;棘茎葱木;棘茎檧木;红楤木;刺包头;红刺老苞;棘茎;辣茎楤木;棘茎木;棘茎(木/忽)木;

科名:五加科 Araliaceae

属名:楤木属 Aralia

《中国植物志》第54卷155页
  3.棘茎楤木(中国高等植物图鉴)
  Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 704. t. 11. f. 8. 1933; 陈焕镛, 中山大学农林植物所专刊4: 247. 1940; Li in Sargentia 2: 111. 1942;中国高等植物图鉴2: 1043. f. 3815. 1972.
  小乔木,高达7米;小枝密生细长直刺,刺长7-14毫米。叶为二回羽状复叶,长35-50厘米或更长;叶柄长25-40厘米,疏生短刺;托叶和叶柄基部合生,栗色;羽片有小叶5-9,基部有小叶1对;小叶片膜质至薄纸质,长圆状卵形至披针形,长4-11.5厘米,宽2.5-5厘米,先端长渐尖,基部圆形至阔楔形,歪斜,两面均无毛,下面灰白色,边缘疏生细锯齿,侧脉6-9对,上面较下面明显,网脉在上面略下陷,下面略隆起,不甚明显;小叶无柄或几无柄。圆锥花序大,长30-50厘米,顶生;主轴和分枝有糠屑状毛,后毛脱落;伞形花序直径约1.5厘米,有花12-20朵,稀30朵;总花梗长1-5厘米;苞片卵状披针形,长10毫米;花梗长8-30毫米;小苞片披针形,长约4毫米;花白色;萼无毛,边缘有5个卵状三角形小齿;花瓣5,卵状三角形,长约2毫米;雄蕊5,花丝长约4毫米;子房5室;花柱5,离生。果实球形,直径2-3毫米,有5稜;宿存花柱长1-1.5毫米,基部合生。花期6-8月,果期9-11月。
  分布于四川(天全、石棉、黑水、奉节)、云南(景东)、贵州(梵净山)、广西(灵川、资源)、广东(连山、乐昌、英德)、福建(建宁)、江西(铅山、萍乡、宜丰)、湖北(巴东)、湖南(永顺)、安徽(黄山)和浙江(昌化、天目山)。生于森林中,垂直分布海拔可达2600米。模式标本采自湖南武冈。
  本种小叶片下面灰白色和白背叶楤木(变种) Aralia chinensis Linn. var. nuda Nakai相似,但小枝密生长刺,小叶片下面无毛,可以区别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Aralia echinocaulis  Handel-Mazzetti
棘茎楤木   ji jing cong mu
Trees, small, or shrubs, 2-10 m tall, andromonoecious. Branches with dense, brownish, slender needlelike prickles 5-20 mm. Leaves 2-pinnately compound, with a pair of accessory leaflets at each division of rachis; petiole 30-44 cm, usually unarmed; petiolules 3(-10) mm; leaflets 5-9 per pinna, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, 6-14.5 × 2.5-8 cm, membranous to papery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially glaucous, secondary veins 6-9 pairs, prominent on both surfaces, tertiary veins subconspicuous abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, base rounded to obtuse, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of umbels, glabrous, unarmed; primary axis to ca. 40 cm; secondary axes 10-20 cm; ultimate axes with a terminal umbel of bisexual flowers and 1 to several lateral umbels of male flowers; bracts narrowly triangular to lanceolate, ca. 4 mm; umbels 12-25(-30)-flowered; pedicels 1-2 cm, furfuraceous. Ovary 5-carpellate; styles 5, free. Fruit globose to subglobose, 3.5-4.5 mm in diam.; styles persistent, radiating. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Sep-Nov.
● Forests, roadsides, thickets, rocky cliffs; 200-1600 m. Anhui (Huang Shan), Fujian, Guangdong (Lechang, Lianshan, Yingde), Guangxi, Guizhou (Fanjing Shan), Hubei (Badong), Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan (Jingdong), Zhejiang (Changhua, Tianmu Shan).

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