毛冬青Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn.

别名：冬青;乌尾丁;毛仔树;毛披树;六月霜;酸味木;金真鼻孔;火烙木;高山冬青;米碎丹;纸浆木;喉毒药;火烫药;山冬青;密毛冬青;茶叶冬青;痈树;青皮木;青叶子树;苦田螺;山熊胆;土甘草;密毛假黄杨;细叶冬青;苦涕;

科名：冬青科 Aquifoliaceae

属名：冬青属 Ilex

《中国植物志》第45(2)卷199页
  147. 毛冬青（海南植物志）茶叶冬青（中国高等植物图鉴），密毛假黄杨（台湾植物志），密毛冬青（台湾木本植物图志）
  Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 167, pl. 35. 1833; Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, 1: 802. 1840; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 65. 1861; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. VII, 29 (3): 40. 1881; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 117. 1886; Loes. in Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 78: 356 (Monog. Aquif. 1: 356). 1901; Dunn et Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 10: 59. 1912; Yanamoto, Suppl. Ic. Pl. Form. 1: 39. 1925; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 7: 157. 1927; Groff in Lingnan. Sci. Bull. 2: 64. 1930; Mc-Clure in Lingnan Sci. Bull. 3: 25. 1931; Belval, Mus. Heud. Not. Bot. Chin. 2: 21. 1933; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 658. 1933; S. Y. Hu in Journ. Arn. Arb. 31: 220. 1950, et 34: 159. 1953; 广州植物志406. 1956; Liu, Ill. Nat. Intr. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 777, fig. 629. 1962;海南植物志2: 434. 1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 654, 图3038. 1972; H. L. Li, Fl. Taiwan 3: 615. 1977; 贵州植物志2: 358. 1985; 福建植物志3: 271. 1987; 安徽植物志3: 349, 图1336. 1988; 浙江植物志4: 21, 图4-33. 1993; S. Y. Lu in T. C. Huang, Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 3: 622, pl. 326. 1993;海南及广东沿海岛屿植物名录126. 1994. ——Ilex trichocloda Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 3: 56. 1913; Liu, Ill. Nat. Intr. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 781. fig. 633. 1962.
种中文名：毛冬青
种拉丁名：Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn.
科中文名：冬青科
科拉丁名：Aquifoliaceae
属中文名：冬青属
属拉丁名：Ilex
国内分布：皖,浙,赣,湘,黔,闽,台,粤,桂,琼,港
海    拔：(60)100-1000

【药 名】：毛冬青

【拼 音】：MAODONGQING

【英文名】：Pubescent Holly Root

【来 源】：为冬青科植物毛冬青的根。

【功 效】：清热解毒，活血通络，利水渗湿。

【主 治】：治肺热咳喘、痢疾，丹毒，中风偏瘫，小便不利。

【性味归经】：微苦，甘，平入肺、肝、大肠经

【用法用量】：内服：3-9克，煎汤。外用：煎汁涂或浸泡。

【用药忌宜】：本品略有小毒，不宜大量久服。

【药物配伍】：1、配百部，共奏清肺、止咳、平喘之功，用治肺热喘咳最宜。2、配茯苓，利水渗透湿之功最宏，用治小便不利，尤以脾虚水肿之小便不利为宜。3、配泽泻，利水渗湿之功益彰，并能清热，用治湿热所致的小便不利最宜。4、配秦艽，活血通脉之功倍增，用治中风偏瘫大效。

【别 名】：乌尾丁、痈树、六月霜(《广西中草药》)、细叶冬青、细叶青、苦田螺、山桐油、老鼠啃、山冬青(《浙江民间常用草药》)、毛披树、茶叶冬青(广州空军《常用中草药手册》)、水火药(《新编中医学概要》)、喉毒药(《广西植物名录》)

【处方名】：毛冬青、毛冬青根、毛冬青叶、鲜毛冬青、六月霜、山冬青、茶叶冬青

【商品名】：毛冬青、毛冬青根、毛冬青叶，以叶青绿、完整、无杂质者为佳。

【动植物资源分布】：分布广东、广西、安徽、福建、浙江、江西、台湾等地。

【药材的采收与储藏】：夏、秋采，切片晒干。

【拉丁名】：药材 Radix Ilicis Pubescentis 原植物毛冬青Ilex pubescens Hook. Et Arn.

【炮制方法】：1、净制：除去杂质，洗净，即得净冬青。2、切制：取净冬青用水润透，切段，晒干，筛去灰屑。

【考 证】：出自《广西中草药》。

【中药化学成分】：根、皮含多种黄酮类、酚性成分、甾醇、氨基酸、糖类、鞣质、三萜成分。根含黄酮甙。并分离出三萜皂甙毛冬青皂甙B1(ilexsaponin B1)、具柄冬青甙(pedunuculoside)、 ilexolide A和毛冬青皂甙B(ilexsaponin B)。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Ilex pubescens  Hooker & Arnott
毛冬青   mao dong qing
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 3-8 m tall. Branchlets gray-brown, somewhat zigzag, subquadrangular, densely hirsute or villous, longitudinally ridged and rugose; leaf scars slightly raised, nearly crescent-shaped; lenticels absent; terminal buds often poorly developed or absent. Stipules persistent, deltoid, hirsute, apically acute; petiole 2.5-5 mm, densely hirsute; leaf blade olivaceous or deep olivaceous when dry, elliptic, oblong, obovate, or narrowly ovate, 2-6(-10) × 1-2.5(-7) cm, thickly papery, papery, or membranous, both surfaces hirsute, midvein flattened or slightly impressed adaxially, densely hirsute, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, evident abaxially, obscure adaxially, anastomosing near margin, reticulate veins obscure on both surfaces, base obtuse, margin sparsely and sharply serrulate or subentire, apex acute or shortly acuminate, or abruptly acuminate. Inflorescences: cymes, fasciculate or pseudopaniculate, axillary on first to second year’s branchlets, densely hirsute. Male inflorescences: cymes of order 1 or 2, 1- or 3-flowered; pedicels 1.5-2 mm; bracteoles 2, basal; peduncles when present 1-1.5 mm; flowers pink or white, 4- or 6-merous; calyx patelliform, ca. 2 mm in diam., hirsute, deeply 5- or 6-lobed, lobes ovate-deltoid, ciliate; corolla rotate, 4-5 mm in diam., petals 4-6, ovate-oblong or obovate, ca. 2 mm, basally slightly connate, apex rounded; stamens ca. 3/4 as long as petals, anthers oblong; rudimentary ovary pulvinate, rostellate. Female inflorescences: cymes of order 1(or 2), 1(-3)-flowered; pedicels 2-3 mm, with basal bracteoles; flowers 5-8-merous; calyx patelliform, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., (5 or)6- or 7-lobed, hirsute, apex acute; corolla rotate, petals 5-8, oblong, ca. 2 mm, apex rounded; staminodes ca. 1/2 as long as petals, sterile anthers sagittate; ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, ca. 1.3 mm in diam., glabrous, styles evident, stigma capitate or thickly discoid. Fruit red, globose, 3-4 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel ca. 4 mm, densely hirsute; persistent calyx explanate, ca. 3 mm in diam., 5-lobed, lobes ovate, hirsute; persistent style evident, stigma thickly discoid or capitate; pyrenes (5 or)6(or 7), ellipsoidal, (2.3-)3 mm, (0.8-)1 mm in diam., pointed at both ends, abaxially longitudinally and broadly sulcate or not, 3-striate, laterally smooth, endocarp leathery or subwoody. Fl. Apr-May(-Jun), fr. Aug-Nov. 2n = 40*.
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests, forest margins, shrubby areas, streamsides, roadsides; (sea level to)100-1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang.

《全国中草药汇编》:毛冬青

【拼音名】 Máo Dōnɡ Qīnɡ
【别名】 乌尾丁、细叶冬青、山熊胆、酸味木、喉毒药、茶叶冬青、毛披树
【来源】 为冬青科冬青属植物毛冬青Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn.，以根及叶入药。全年可采，根切片晒干备用，叶鲜用。
【性味】 苦，平。
【功能主治】 活血通脉，消肿止痛，清热解毒。用于心绞痛，心肌梗死，血栓闭塞性脉管炎，中心性视网膜炎，扁桃体炎，咽喉炎，小儿肺炎，冻疮。
【用法用量】 1～3两；外用适量，煎水洗或干叶研粉调油搽患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》