栏目

清香木Pistacia weinmannifolia J. Poisson ex Franch.

清香木Pistacia weinmannifolia J. Poisson ex Franch.

别名:香叶树;细叶楷木;柴油木;豆瓣香;对节皮;黄楝树;昆明乌木;埋江;清香树;四川楷木;土檀香;乌木;细叶楷叶;香叶子;紫叶;紫油木;紫油树;紫柚木;

科名:漆树科 Anacardiaceae

属名:黄连木属 Pistacia

《中国植物志》第45(1)卷095页
  2.清香木(中国高等植物图鉴)对节皮(云南文山),昆明乌木(图考),细叶楷木(四川),香叶树、紫叶(云南),清香树(昆明),紫油木(云南东川)图版28:3-6
  Pistacia weinmannifolia J. Poisson ex Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Franc. 33: 467. 1886; Franch. Pl. Delav. 149, t. 36. 1889; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 174. 1914; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 635. 1933; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学651. 1937;中国高等植物图鉴2: 639,图3007. 1972; 云南植物志2: 385, 图版117, 3-6. 1979. ——P. coccinea Collett et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 28: 36. 1890.
  灌木或小乔木,高2-8米,稀达10-15米;树皮灰色,小枝具棕色皮孔,幼枝被灰黄色微柔毛。偶数羽状复叶互生,有小叶4-9对,叶轴具狭翅,上面具槽,被灰色微柔毛,叶柄被微柔毛;小叶革质,长圆形或倒卵状长圆形,较小,长1.3-3.5厘米,宽0.8-1.5厘米,稀较大(5×1.8厘米),先端微缺,具芒刺状硬尖头,基部略不对称,阔楔形,全缘,略背卷,两面中脉上被极细微柔毛,侧脉在叶面微凹,在叶背明显突起;小叶柄极短。花序腋生,与叶同出,被黄棕色柔毛和红色腺毛;花小,紫红色,无梗,苞片1,卵圆形,内凹,径约1.5毫米,外面被棕色柔毛,边缘具细睫毛;雄花:花被片5-8,长圆形或长圆状披针形,长1.5-2毫米,膜质,半透明,先端渐尖或呈流苏状,外面2-3片边缘具细睫毛;雄蕊5,稀7,花丝极短,花药长圆形,先端细尖;不育雌蕊存在;雌花:花被片7-10,卵状披针形,长1-1.5毫米,膜质,先端细尖或略呈流苏状,外面2-5片边缘具睫毛;无不育雄蕊,子房圆球形,径约0.7毫米,无毛,花柱极短,柱头3裂,外弯。核果球形,长约5毫米,径约6毫米,成熟时红色,先端细尖。
  产云南、西藏(东南部)、四川(西南部)、贵州(西南部)、广西(西南部);生于海拔580-2700米的石灰山林下或灌丛中。分布于缅甸掸邦。模式标本采自云南鹤庆县均华公社大坪子。
  叶可提芳香油,民间常用叶碾粉制“香”。叶及树皮供药用,有消炎解毒、收敛止泻之效。本种与地中海区至亚洲西部分布的耨笃香P. terebinthus L. 和马思答吉(《本草纲目》)P. lentiscus L.都较近,其树脂可代用,有固齿祛口臭之效。
  较北或较高海拔其幼枝、叶轴毛被不脱,而较南或较低海拔有时其枝、叶完全无毛,且小叶较大而对数较少。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Pistacia weinmanniifolia  J. Poisson ex Franchet
清香木   qing xiang mu
Pistacia coccinea Collett & Hemsley.
Evergreen shrubs to small trees, 2-8 m tall. Petiole minutely pubescent; leaf blade paripinnately compound with 8-18 opposite leaflets; leaf rachis narrowly winged, grooved, gray, and minutely pubescent above; leaflet petiolule short; leaflet blade oblong or obovate-oblong, 1.3-3.5 × 0.8-1.5 cm or rarely larger, leathery, minutely pubescent on both sides along midrib, base oblique, broadly cuneate, margin entire and slightly revolute, apex rounded or usually mucronate, lateral veins impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially. Inflorescence axillary among leaves, mixed yellowish brown and red glandular pubescent; floral subtending bract ca. 1.5 mm, brown pubescent. Flowers sessile, purplish red. Male flowers with 2 or 3 oblong bracteoles, and 3-5 oblong-lanceolate membranous tepals, ca. 2 mm; stamens 5(-7), filaments short, anthers oblong with apiculate connective; pistillode reduced. Female flowers with 2-5 ovate-lanceolate bracteoles and 5 ovate-lanceolate membranous tepals, ca. 1.5 mm; ovary globose, ca. 0.7 mm in diam., glabrous, stig mas recurved. Drupe subglobose, 5-6 mm in diam. Fl. Mar- May, fr. Jun-Aug.
Hill and mountain forests on limestone, thickets; 500-2700 m. SW Guangxi, SW Guizhou, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [N Myanmar].
Aromatic compounds extracted from the leaves are used for the manufacture of incense and candles. The resin is used for medicinal purposes.

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