铁线蕨Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn.

别名：common maidenhair;铁丝草;岩浮萍;猪鬃草;猪宗七;猪毛漆;肺心草;猪毛七;石中珠;猪鬃七;乌脚芒;铁线路鸡;铁线草;铁丝分金;铁光棍;岩甲;水猪毛七;小猪毛七;铁丝分筋;铁骨芼;乌骨茜;岩卷柏;水猪毛土;乌脚枪;猪鬃;乌脚芼;猪棕草;铁丝七;青丝还阳;顾哈;得哇;铁丝还阳;乌骨芼;扫把箕;碰碰草;乌骨芦萁;

科名：铁线蕨科 Adiantaceae

属名：铁线蕨属 Adiantum

《中国植物志》第3(1)卷214页
  31.铁线蕨（植物分类学报）
  Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1096. 1753; Sw. Syn. Fil. 124. 1806 Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 60B. 1838 et Sp. Fil. 2: 36. 1851; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. 123. 1867; Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t. 4. 1863 et Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. 34. 1883; Milde, Fil. Europ. Atlant. 30. 1867; Franch, et Sav. Enum. P1. Jap. 2: 211. 1870; Benth. Fl. Austr. 7: 723. 1878; Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 1: 452. 1880; Bak. in Journ. Bot. 23: 255. 1855; Christ, Farnkr. d. Erde 138. 1897; Diels in Engl. u. Prant1, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 284. 1899; Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2. 1: 1020. 1901 et 4: 612. 1905 et Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52. Mem. 1: 61. 1905; Cop. Polypod. Philip. 93. 1905; C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 24. 1906 et in Acta Hort. Gortob. 1: 93. 1924; in Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 125. 1932; v. A. v. R. Handb. Mal. Ferns 333. 1906; Ogata, Ic. Fil. Jap. In. 1. 1928; Ching in Sinensia 3: 340. 1933; Acta Phytotax. Sinica 6: 341. 1957 et Ic. Fil. Sin. 5: t. 216, f. 1-6. 1958; C. Chr. et Tard.-Blot in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 6: 170, 1937 et in Fl. Indo-Chine 7(2): 185. 1940; Tagawa in Jap. Bot. 14: 313. 1938 et Col. Illustr. Jap. Pterid. 65, t. 20, f. 117. 1959; H. Ito. Fil. Jap. Illustr. t. 71. 1944 et in Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 458. 1966 et 203, 1971; DeVol, Ferns East Centr. China in Notes Bot Chin. Mus. Heude No. 7. 115. 1945; Dickason in Ohio Journ. Sci. 46: 135. 1946; Holttum, Fl. Mal. 2: Ferns Mal. 600. f. 352. 1954; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志, 46. 1956; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说 蕨类植物门 93, 图 114. 1957; 北京植物志, 上册, 99, 图33. 1962; Grubov, Pl. Asiae Centr. 1: 77. 1963; Lawalree in Fl. Europaea 1: 10. 1964; Ohwi, Fl. Japan 46. 1965; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 168. f. 335. 1972; Fl. Tsinling 2: 74, t. 20, f. 1-3. 1974; Shieh in H. L. Li et al., Fl. Taiwan 1: 303. 1975; Y. L. Chang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 172, f. 55 g, h; t. 35, f. 20, 24. 1976; Fl. Fujian. 1: 89. 1982; Ching et al. in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 96. 1983. ——Adiantum subemarginatum Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2. 3: 511. 1903. pro parte. ——Adiantum michelii Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. Mans. 10. 1910.
形态特征：多年生草本，高15-40厘米。根状茎横走，黄褐色，密被条形或披针形淡褐色鳞片，长10-25厘米，宽8-16厘米，中部以下为二回羽状复叶；羽片互生，小羽片斜扇形，基部阔楔形，边缘浅裂至深裂，裂片有微群圆形着生于叶背面裂片顶端；囊群盖由小叶顶端的叶缘向下面反折而成。
分    布：恩篱、宜昌、郧阳
生    境：山坡林下或较阳湿处的岩石上
繁殖方式：孢子
习    性：荫生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：通经、活血、跌打损伤
药用主治：流行性感受冒、感冒、咳嗽、肝炎、痢疾、腰痛、尿道结石、乳痛、痨伤、跌打损伤、烧烫伤、蛇咬伤、疔毒。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Adiantum capillus-veneris  Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1096. 1753.
铁线蕨   tie xian jue
Adiantum capillus-veneris f. dissectum (M. Martens & Galeotti) Ching; A. capillus-veneris f. fissum (Christ) Ching; A. capillus-veneris var. fissum Christ; A. capillus-veneris f. lanyuanum W. C. Shieh; A. capillus-veneris var. trifidum Christ; ?A. lingii Ching; A. michelii Christ; A. subemarginatum Christ, p.p.; A. tenerum Swartz var. dissectum M. Martens & Galeotti.
Plants terrestrial or epilithic, 10-40 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, slender, scales dense, brown, lanceolate, margins entire. Fronds remote or closely spaced; stipe castaneous-black, glossy, 3-20 cm, slender, base covered with same scales as rhizome, distally glabrous; lamina mostly 2-pinnate below middle, 1-pinnate above middle, ovate-triangular in outline, 6-25 × 8-16 cm, base cuneate, apex acute; pinnae 3-5 each side, obliquely ascending, stalk up to 15 mm; rachises, costae, and stalks same color as stipes, slightly zigzag, color passing into lamina base; basal pair of pinnae larger, 1(or 2)-pinnate, narrowly ovate in outline, 3-9 × 2.5-4 cm, apex obtuse; pinnae from second pair upward all similar but progressively smaller; pinnules 2-4 pairs per ultimate pinna, alternate, obliquely ascending; stalk castaneous-black, 1-2 mm, slender; blade subequal in size or basal pair slightly larger, 12-20 × 10-15 mm, thinly herbaceous, green or dark brown-green, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, sides entire, upper margin rounded, 2-4-lobed or divided into twiglike segments; sterile pinnules with apex obtuse, with marginal teeth broadly triangular or erose; fertile segments with apex truncate, straight or slightly depressed, entire or with erose teeth on both sides; terminal pinnules flabellate, usually larger, base narrowly cuneate, stalks up to 1 cm. Veins multidichotomously forked, reaching margins, visible on both surfaces. Sori 3-10 per pinnule, on apices of lobes of upper margin; false indusia yellowish green, brown when old, narrowly reniform or orbicular-reniform, membranous, upper margins flat and straight, entire, persistent. Perispore thickly granular.
On limestone near running streams, bottom of limestone caves, cliffs wet with dripping water; 100-2800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Vietnam; widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions in Africa, America, Asia, Europe, Oceania].
The whole plant is used in traditional Chinese medicine.Material of Adiantum lingii Ching (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 341. 1957, from Sichuan) has not been seen and is placed here on the basis of the protologue. It was compared with A. capillus-veneris but differed by the smaller pinnules that dry olive-green, each with 4-6 sori with orbicular to orbicular-reniform false indusia.Plants with ultimate pinnules shallowly divided on upper margins have been treated as Adiantum capillus-veneris f. capillus-veneris, while plants with ultimate pinnules deeply divided into several lobes have been treated as f. dissectum.Adiantum capillus-veneris is an indicator of calcareous soil.