葛枣猕猴桃Actinidia polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim.

别名：silver vine;金莲枝;天木蓼;葛枣;猕猴桃;该他利;葛枣子;狗枣猕猴桃;狗枣子;米羊桃;金果木;羊桃;麻枣子;马枣子;猫人参;含水藤;土枣子;哈图-淘希鲁格;木天蓼;米洋桃;小洋桃;小天蓼;木夭蓼;马尔达来那木;含水蓼;天蓼木;牛奶奶树;羊奶奶树;牛奶奶;牛奶藤;软枣;深山木天蓼;藤天蓼;天蓼;钻地风;葛枣猕猴姚;

科名：猕猴桃科 Actinidiaceae

属名：猕猴桃属 Actinidia

《中国植物志》第49(2)卷216页
  7.葛枣猕猴桃（东北木本植物图志）葛枣子（辽宁），木天寥（唐本草）图版60：l-3
  Actinidia polygama (Sieb. ＆ Zucc.) Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 9: 64. 1859 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) ; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 403. 1911; Rehd. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 380. 1915; Nakai in Bot. Mag.Tokyo. 47: 254. 1933; P’ei ＆ Law in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 2: 30-32. 1948; Li in Journ. Arn. Arb. 33: 20-21. 1952; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志 424. 1955; Icon. Corm. Sin. fig. 3410. 1972.———Actinidia lecomtei Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 47: 253. 1933, syn. nov.——Actinidia potlygama var. lecomtei (Nakai) Li in Journ. Arn. Arb. 33: 22-23. 1952, syn. nov.
  大型落叶藤本；着花小枝细长，一般20厘米以上，直径约2.5毫米，基本无毛，最多幼枝顶部略被微柔毛，皮孔不很显著；髓白色，实心。叶膜质（花期）至薄纸质，卵形或椭圆卵形，长7-14厘米，宽．4.5-8厘米，顶端急渐尖至渐尖，基部圆形或阔楔形，边缘有细锯齿，腹面绿色，散生少数小刺毛，有时前端部变为白色或淡黄色，背面浅绿色，沿中脉和侧脉多少有一些卷曲的微柔毛，有时中脉上着生少数小刺毛，叶脉比较发达，在背面呈圆线形，侧脉约7对，其上段常分叉，横脉颇显著，网状小脉不明显；叶柄近无毛，长1.5-3.5厘米。花序1-3花，花序柄长2-3毫米，花柄长6-8毫米，均薄被微绒毛；苞片小，长约1毫米；花白色，芳香，直径2-2.5厘米；萼片5片，卵形至长方卵形，长5-7毫米，两面薄被微茸毛或近无毛；花瓣5片，倒卵形至长方倒卵形，长8-13毫米，最外2-3枚的背面有时略被微茸毛；花丝线形，长5-6毫米，花药黄色，卵形箭头状，长1-1.5毫米；子房瓶状，长4-6毫米，洁净无毛，花柱长3-4毫米。果成熟时淡桔色，卵珠形或柱状卵珠形，长2.5-3厘米，无毛，无斑点，顶端有喙，基部有宿存萼片。种子长1.5-2毫米。花期6月中-7月上旬，果熟期9-10月。
  产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、甘肃、陕西、河北、河南、山东、湖北、湖南、四川、云南、贵州等省。生于海拔500（东北）-1900米（四川）的山林中。苏联远东地区、朝鲜和日本有分布。
  果实除作水果利用之外，虫瘿可入药，治庙气及腰痛；从果实提取新药Polygamol为强心利尿的注射药。
  本种枝条髓白实心，易与分布区大致相同，但髓褐色，片层状的近缘种软枣猕猴桃 A.arguta 和狗枣猕猴桃 A. kolomikta等相区别；它与净果组实心髓的种类如对萼猕猴桃 A．valvata等的区别是萼片非2-3片而是5片。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Actinidia polygama  (Siebold & Zuccarini) Maximowicz
葛枣猕猴桃   ge zao mi hou tao
Trochostigma polygamum Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. K?nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(2): 728. 1843 ["polygama"]; Actinidia lecomtei Nakai; A. polygama var. lecomtei (Nakai) H. L. Li.
Climbing shrubs, large, deciduous. Branchlets glabrous, lenticels inconspicuous; pith white, large, solid. Petiole purplish red, 1.5-3.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green to entirely white, sometimes only upper half white or yellowish, ovate to oblong-ovate, 7-14 × 4.5-8 cm, membranous to thinly papery, abaxially glabrous or sparsely curly-tomentose to strigillose on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially sparsely strigillose, veins conspicuous abaxially, subconspicuous adaxially, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, arcuate-ascending, veinlets reticulate, abaxially subconspicuous with parallel cross-bars, inconspicuous adaxially, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate to abruptly acuminate. Inflorescences 1-flowered, or 2- or 3-flowered in a fascicle; pedicels 6-8 mm, slightly puberulent. Flowers white. Sepals (4 or)5, ovate to oblong-ovate, 5-7 mm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Petals 5, obovate to oblong-obovate, 0.8-1.3 cm. Filaments 5-6 mm; anthers yellow, ovoid, 1-1.5 mm, sagittate at base. Ovary bottle-shaped, 4-6 mm, glabrous; styles 3-4 mm. Fruit orange when mature, ovoid to cylindric-ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 2.5-3 cm, glabrous, lenticels absent, rostrate at apex. Seeds 1.5-2 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 58, 116.
Mountain forests, also widely cultivated; 500-1900 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia].
Actinidia polygama var. puberula C. Y. Chang (J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 3: 79. 1976), described from Sichuan, could not be treated here because no material was seen by the authors.