栏目

葛枣猕猴桃Actinidia polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim.

葛枣猕猴桃Actinidia polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim.

别名:silver vine;金莲枝;天木蓼;葛枣;猕猴桃;该他利;葛枣子;狗枣猕猴桃;狗枣子;米羊桃;金果木;羊桃;麻枣子;马枣子;猫人参;含水藤;土枣子;哈图-淘希鲁格;木天蓼;米洋桃;小洋桃;小天蓼;木夭蓼;马尔达来那木;含水蓼;天蓼木;牛奶奶树;羊奶奶树;牛奶奶;牛奶藤;软枣;深山木天蓼;藤天蓼;天蓼;钻地风;葛枣猕猴姚;

科名:猕猴桃科 Actinidiaceae

属名:猕猴桃属 Actinidia

《中国植物志》第49(2)卷216页
  7.葛枣猕猴桃(东北木本植物图志)葛枣子(辽宁),木天寥(唐本草)图版60:l-3
  Actinidia polygama (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 9: 64. 1859 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) ; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 403. 1911; Rehd. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 380. 1915; Nakai in Bot. Mag.Tokyo. 47: 254. 1933; P’ei & Law in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 2: 30-32. 1948; Li in Journ. Arn. Arb. 33: 20-21. 1952; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志 424. 1955; Icon. Corm. Sin. fig. 3410. 1972.———Actinidia lecomtei Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 47: 253. 1933, syn. nov.——Actinidia potlygama var. lecomtei (Nakai) Li in Journ. Arn. Arb. 33: 22-23. 1952, syn. nov.
  大型落叶藤本;着花小枝细长,一般20厘米以上,直径约2.5毫米,基本无毛,最多幼枝顶部略被微柔毛,皮孔不很显著;髓白色,实心。叶膜质(花期)至薄纸质,卵形或椭圆卵形,长7-14厘米,宽.4.5-8厘米,顶端急渐尖至渐尖,基部圆形或阔楔形,边缘有细锯齿,腹面绿色,散生少数小刺毛,有时前端部变为白色或淡黄色,背面浅绿色,沿中脉和侧脉多少有一些卷曲的微柔毛,有时中脉上着生少数小刺毛,叶脉比较发达,在背面呈圆线形,侧脉约7对,其上段常分叉,横脉颇显著,网状小脉不明显;叶柄近无毛,长1.5-3.5厘米。花序1-3花,花序柄长2-3毫米,花柄长6-8毫米,均薄被微绒毛;苞片小,长约1毫米;花白色,芳香,直径2-2.5厘米;萼片5片,卵形至长方卵形,长5-7毫米,两面薄被微茸毛或近无毛;花瓣5片,倒卵形至长方倒卵形,长8-13毫米,最外2-3枚的背面有时略被微茸毛;花丝线形,长5-6毫米,花药黄色,卵形箭头状,长1-1.5毫米;子房瓶状,长4-6毫米,洁净无毛,花柱长3-4毫米。果成熟时淡桔色,卵珠形或柱状卵珠形,长2.5-3厘米,无毛,无斑点,顶端有喙,基部有宿存萼片。种子长1.5-2毫米。花期6月中-7月上旬,果熟期9-10月。
  产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、甘肃、陕西、河北、河南、山东、湖北、湖南、四川、云南、贵州等省。生于海拔500(东北)-1900米(四川)的山林中。苏联远东地区、朝鲜和日本有分布。
  果实除作水果利用之外,虫瘿可入药,治庙气及腰痛;从果实提取新药Polygamol为强心利尿的注射药。
  本种枝条髓白实心,易与分布区大致相同,但髓褐色,片层状的近缘种软枣猕猴桃 A.arguta 和狗枣猕猴桃 A. kolomikta等相区别;它与净果组实心髓的种类如对萼猕猴桃 A.valvata等的区别是萼片非2-3片而是5片。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Actinidia polygama  (Siebold & Zuccarini) Maximowicz
葛枣猕猴桃   ge zao mi hou tao
Trochostigma polygamum Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. K?nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(2): 728. 1843 ["polygama"]; Actinidia lecomtei Nakai; A. polygama var. lecomtei (Nakai) H. L. Li.
Climbing shrubs, large, deciduous. Branchlets glabrous, lenticels inconspicuous; pith white, large, solid. Petiole purplish red, 1.5-3.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green to entirely white, sometimes only upper half white or yellowish, ovate to oblong-ovate, 7-14 × 4.5-8 cm, membranous to thinly papery, abaxially glabrous or sparsely curly-tomentose to strigillose on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially sparsely strigillose, veins conspicuous abaxially, subconspicuous adaxially, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, arcuate-ascending, veinlets reticulate, abaxially subconspicuous with parallel cross-bars, inconspicuous adaxially, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate to abruptly acuminate. Inflorescences 1-flowered, or 2- or 3-flowered in a fascicle; pedicels 6-8 mm, slightly puberulent. Flowers white. Sepals (4 or)5, ovate to oblong-ovate, 5-7 mm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Petals 5, obovate to oblong-obovate, 0.8-1.3 cm. Filaments 5-6 mm; anthers yellow, ovoid, 1-1.5 mm, sagittate at base. Ovary bottle-shaped, 4-6 mm, glabrous; styles 3-4 mm. Fruit orange when mature, ovoid to cylindric-ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 2.5-3 cm, glabrous, lenticels absent, rostrate at apex. Seeds 1.5-2 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 58, 116.
Mountain forests, also widely cultivated; 500-1900 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia].
Actinidia polygama var. puberula C. Y. Chang (J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 3: 79. 1976), described from Sichuan, could not be treated here because no material was seen by the authors.

TOP