白接骨Asystasiella neesiana (Wall.) Lindau

别名：小阿茜达;尼氏拟马偕花;假牛膝;

科名：爵床科 Acanthaceae

属名：白接骨属 Asystasiella

《中国植物志》第70卷218页
  1．白接骨（中国高等植物图鉴）尼氏拟马偕花（台湾植物志）图版34: 1-4
  Asystasiella neesiana (Wall.) Lindau in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzem. 4. 3b: 326. 1895. ——Asystasia neesiana(Wall. )Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 89. 1832. et in DC. Prodr. 11: 164. 1847; R. Ben. in H. Lect. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 4: 715 p. p. fig. 78. 1935; C. F. Hsieh & T. C. Huang, Fl. Taiwan 4: 621. 1978; ib. 2 ed. 4: 649. 1998. ——Ruellia neesiana Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1: 73, t. 83. 1831. ——Asystasiella chinensis(S. Moore)E. Hossain in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 32(3): 405. 1973; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 169. 1975;云南种子植物名录(下册): 1669. 1984. ——Asystasia chinensis S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 13: 228. 1875; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 243. 1890; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 897. 1936; E. Hossain in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 32(3): 405. 1973.
  草本，具白色，富粘液，竹节形根状茎；茎高达1米；略呈4棱形。叶卵形至椭圆状矩圆形，长5-20厘米，顶端尖至渐尖，边缘微波状至具浅齿，基部下延成柄，叶片纸质，侧脉6-7条，两面凸起，疏被微毛。总状花序或基部有分枝，顶生，长6-12厘米；花单生或对生；苞片2，微小，长1-2毫米；花萼裂片5，长约6毫米，主花轴和花萼被有柄腺毛；花冠淡紫红色，漏斗状，外疏生腺毛，花冠筒细长，长3.5-4厘米，裂片5，略不等，长约1.5厘米；雄蕊2强，长花丝3.5毫米，短花丝2毫米，着生于花冠喉部，2药室等高。蒴果长18-22毫米，上部具4粒种子，下部实心细长似柄。
  广布于江苏、浙江（天台山、天目山、杭州）、安徽（黄山）、江西（庐山、武功山、遂川）、福建（邵武）、台湾（南投）、广东（阳山、始兴、龙门、乳源、高要、翁源、惠阳）、广西（金秀、百色、龙胜、凌云、桂林、兴安、大苗山）、湖南（芷江、大庸、永顺、宜章）、湖北（房县、宣恩、贺县）、云南（西畴、麻栗坡、金平、屏边、西双版纳、文山、砚山、龙陵、双江、景东、峨山）、贵州（毕节、兴仁、梵净山）、重庆（南川金佛山、城口、巫溪）、四川（峨眉）等地。生林下或溪边。印度的东喜马拉雅山区、越南至缅甸也有分布。
  叶和根状茎入药，止血。
  国产的白接骨属曾有白接骨Asystasiella chinensis（S. Moore）E. Hossain（中国高等植物图鉴）和尼氏拟马偕花Asystasiella neesiana（Wall.）Lindau（台湾植物志）之分，通常华东、华南、中南的被定为前者；西南、中南、华南的多被定为后者，虽然两者在叶的大小，叶缘为全缘或为明显波状齿稍有区别，但从分布和形态特征总体来看，二者难以截然分开。
形态特征：多年生草本，高25—45厘米，基部略匍匐状。根状茎斜升或直立，节部膨大，多肉质而脆，表面白色，有白色粘液。须根细长。茎直立，四棱形，分枝，节部膨大，无毛或疏被白色或短毛。叶对生，长卵形至长椭圆形，长8—10厘米，宽2—4.5厘米，先端渐尖或尾尖，基部渐狭下延至叶柄
用    途：根状茎或全草药全。有清热解毒|、散瘀止血、利尿功效，主治肺结核、咽喉肿痛、腹水、糖尿病，外用治外伤出血、扭伤、疖肿。
分    布：产宋洛、冯家沟、板仓、关口河、马湾、古水。
生    境：生长在海拔500—1400米的山谷沟边、林下草丛中。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Asystasia neesiana  (Wallich) Nees in Wallich Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 89. 1832.
白接骨   bai jie gu
Ruellia neesiana Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 73. 1831; Asystasia chinensis S. Moore; Asystasiella chinensis (S. Moore) E. Hossain; A. neesiana (Wallich) Lindau.
Herbs to 1 m tall. Stems 4-angled, sulcate, 2-fariously puberulent to subglabrous. Petioles 0.5-5 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate to elliptic to oblong or uppermost sometimes ovate-cordate, 4-25 × 2-11 cm, both surfaces glabrous or slightly pubescent, secondary veins 6-8, base attenuate and decurrent onto petiole (or cordate for uppermost leaves), margin entire to sinuate-crenate to subdentate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, spikes or racemes, unbranched or with one or more basal branches forming a panicle, 6-15 cm; rachis usually gland-tipped pubescent; bracts and bracteoles triangular, 1-2 × ca. 1 mm, minutely pubescent. Pedicel (0-)1-3 mm. Calyx 4-6.5 mm; lobes linear-lanceolate, usually gland-tipped pubescent. Corolla pink to purplish blue, 4-6 cm, outside gland-tipped pubescent; tube with cylindric basal portion narrow, elongate, 3-4 cm, at least 2 × as long as throat and limb combined; lobes of lower lip ovate, ca. 6 × 8 mm; lobes of upper lip suborbicular, ca. 7 × 7 mm. Stamens with longer pair ca. 5 mm, shorter pair ca. 2 mm; anther thecae subequally inserted. Style 3.6-5.2 cm, glabrous. Capsule 1.8-2.8 cm, gland-tipped pubescent, 4-seeded, basal stalk 1-1.5 cm. Seeds ovate in outline, ca. 4 × 3 mm, compressed. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Oct-Jan.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, moist banks, streamsides, disturbed sites, ditches, trails; 100-1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Asystasia neesiana is sometimes treated in Asystasiella Lindau, a genus of two species with spheroidal, 4- or 5-porate, and spinulate (vs. prolate-spheroidal to subprolate, 3-colporate, and reticulate) pollen (see K. Ensermu et al., Kew Bull. 47: 669-675. 1992). The generic position of Asystasia neesiana s.l. and some of its relatives has yet to be thoroughly investigated.Asystasia neesiana is sometimes treated in Asystasiella Lindau, a genus of two species with spheroidal, 4- or 5-porate, and spinulate (vs. prolate-spheroidal to subprolate, 3-colporate, and reticulate) pollen (see K. Ensermu et al., Kew Bull. 47: 669-675. 1992). The generic position of Asystasia neesiana s.l. and some of its relatives has yet to be thoroughly investigated.

《全国中草药汇编》:白接骨

【拼音名】 Bái Jiē Gǔ
【别名】 接骨草、玉接骨、接骨丹、金不换、橡皮草、白龙骨、六厘草、猢狲节根、血见愁[浙江]
【来源】 爵床科白接骨属植物白接骨Asystasiella chinensis （S. Moore） E. Hossain [Asystasia chinensis S. Moore]，以全草或根状茎入药。夏秋采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
【性味】 淡，凉。
【功能主治】 清热解毒，散瘀止血，利尿。用于肺结核，咽喉肿痛，糖尿病，腹水；外用治外伤出血，扭伤，疖肿。
【用法用量】 1～2两；外用适量，捣烂敷患处，或晒干研末撒伤口。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》