鸭嘴花Adhatoda vasica Nees

别名：Malabar nut;牛舌兰;野靛叶;

科名：爵床科 Acanthaceae

属名：鸭嘴花属 Adhatoda

《中国植物志》第70卷277页
  1．鸭嘴花（广州植物志）野靛叶，大还魂（广州），鸭子花（植物名实图考）图版43：1-7
  Adhatoda vasica Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 103. 1832; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind 4: 540. 1885; 广州植物志: 617. 1956; 海南植物志4: 571. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 174. 1975;云南种子植物名录(下册): 1668. 1984;新华本草纲要2: 481, 1991. ——Justicia adhatoda L. Sp. Pl. 15. 1753; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 264. 1861; Frobes & Hemsl. in Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 244. 1890; R. Ben. in H. Lec. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 4: 742. 1935.
  大灌木，高达1-3米；枝圆柱状，灰色，有皮孔，嫩枝密被灰白色微柔毛。叶纸质，矩圆状披针形至披针形，或卵形或椭圆状卵形，长15-20厘米，宽4.5-7.5厘米，顶端渐尖，有时稍呈尾状，基部阔楔形，全缘，上面近无毛，背面被微柔毛；中脉在上面具槽，侧脉每边约12条；叶柄长1.5-2厘米。茎叶揉后有特殊臭气。穗状花序卵形或稍伸长；花梗长5-10厘米；苞片卵形或阔卵形，长1-3厘米，宽8-15毫米，被微柔毛；小苞片披针形，稍短于苞片，萼裂片5，矩圆状披针形，长约8毫米；花冠白色，有紫色条纹或粉红色，长2.5-3厘米，被柔毛，冠管卵形，长约6毫米；药室椭圆形，基部通常有球形附属物不明显。蒴果近木质，长约0.5厘米，上部具4粒种子，下部实心短柄状。
  产广东、广西、海南（海口人民公园和檐州）、澳门、香港、云南等地栽培或逸为野生。上海栽培。分布于亚洲东南部。原产地不明，最早在印度发现。
  药用，续筋接骨，祛风止痛，祛痰。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Justicia adhatoda  Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 15. 1753.
鸭嘴花   ya zui hua
Adhatoda vasica Nees.
Shrubs to 4 m tall. Branches thickened, ± 4-angled, lenticellate, pubescent when young but soon glabrescent. Petiole 0.8-3 cm, puberulent; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, 7-18 × 2-7 cm, abaxially puberulent, adaxially densely tomentose when young but glabrescent except tomentose along veins, secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein and meeting near margin, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate and sometimes slightly falcate. Spikes terminal or axillary, ovoid to broadly ovoid, 3-7 cm; peduncle 3-7 cm; bracts imbricate, ovate-oblong, 1-2 × 0.5-1.5 cm, puberulent, 3-7-veined, margin ciliate, apex acute; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, 1-1.4 × ca. 0.4 cm, puberulent, 3-5-veined, margin ciliate, apex acute. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes linear-oblong, ca. 10 × 3 mm, margin narrowly scarious and ciliate. Corolla white or pink with purplish or pinkish stripes outside, broadly tubular, 2.5-3 cm, outside pilose; tube basally cylindric and ca. 5 mm wide for ca. 5 mm and then slightly inflated and bent upward; upper lip ovate-oblong, ca. 1.8 cm, erect, shallowly 2-lobed; lower lip oblong-circular, spreading, 3-lobed, middle lobe subcircular and ca. 9 × 5 mm, lateral lobes ovate and ca. 8 × 4.5 mm. Stamens exserted; filaments ca. 1.5 cm, declinate, glabrous except basally sericeous; anther thecae ellipsoid, ca. 3.5 mm, equal, superposed, lower one spurred at base. Ovary pubescent especially at tip; style ca. 2.5 cm, recurved, basal part pubescent; stigma simple. Capsule obovoid, 2.5-4 × ca. 0.5 cm. Seeds circular in outline. Fl. Jan-Mar, fr. Jun-Jul. 2n = 34.
Roadsides, thickets. Naturalized or cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Yunnan [probably native to India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, but widely cultivated and naturalized in tropics, obscuring native distribution].
Justicia adhatoda is widely cultivated beyond its native range.Justicia adhatoda is widely cultivated beyond its native range.

【拼音名】 Yā Zuǐ Huā
【别名】 大驳骨、大驳骨消、牛舌兰、龙头草、大叶驳骨兰、大接骨
【来源】 爵床科鸭嘴花属植物鸭嘴花Adhatoda vasica Nees，以全株入药。全年可采。多鲜用或洗净晒干。
【性味】 苦、辛，温。
【功能主治】 祛风活血，散瘀止痛，接骨。用于骨折，扭伤，风湿关节痛，腰痛。
【用法用量】 3～5钱；外用适量，鲜品捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》