刺儿菜Cirsium setosum (Willd.) MB.

别名：小蓟;巴嘎－阿扎日干那;白刺根;刺菜;刺狗牙;刺蓟;刺蓟菜;刺介芽;大蓟;红花苗;济济菜;马刺蓟;荠荠菜;枪刀菜;青青菜;曲曲菜;山红花尾子;小刺蓟芽;野红花;昭拜依;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：蓟属 Cirsium

《中国植物志》第78(1)卷127页
  46. 刺儿菜　大蓟，小蓟，大小蓟，野红花（浙江），大刺儿菜
  Cirsium setosum (Willd.) MB., Fl. Taur.-cauc. 3: 560, 1819, p. p. excl. Pl. cauc.; DC., Prodr. 6: 643, 1837; Ldb., Fl. Alt. 4: 10, 1833; Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Manch. 447, 1939 et in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 5(5): 149, 1941; 东北植物检索表, 412, 1959; Charadze in Fl. URSS 28: 210, 1963; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6:198, 1982; 石铸, 植物分类学报 22(6): 452, 1984——Serratula setosa Willd., Sp. Pl. 3(3): 1664, 1803 ——Cnicus setosus Bess., Prim. Fl. Galic. 2: 172, 1809 ——Cirsium laevigatum Tausch. in Flora 11: 483, 1828 (excl. syn. Gme.) ——C. arvense (L.) Scop. r. integrifolium Wimm. et Grab., Fl. Siles. 2(2): 92, 1829; Koch., Syn. Fl. Germ. et Helv. 400, 1837 ——C. segetum Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrag. 2: 110, 1833; DC., Prodr. 6: 643, 1837; Debeaux, Fl. Techef. 86, 1877 et Fl. Shanhai, 38, 1875 et Fl. Tientsin, 25, 1875; Diels in Engl., Bot.,Jahrb. Engler, 29: 628, 1901; Komar., Fl. Mansh. 747, 1907; Nakai, Fl. Koreana 110, 1923; Hsia in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 1: 68. 1931; Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 92, 1934; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 142, 1935; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1173, 1936; Kitag., Index Fl. Jehol. 54, 1936 et Lineam. Fl. Manch. 446, 1939;, 东北植物检索表, 412, 1959; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 63, 1966; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 195, 1982——C. setosum (Wild)MB. β. subulatum Ldb.,Fl. Alt. 4:10, 1833——C. argunense DC., Prodr. 6: 644, 1837——C. arvense (L.) Scop. r. setosum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 735. 1845-1846; Ling in Contc. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3:143. 1935; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 51, 1966 ——C. arvense (L.) Scop. r. setosum subulatum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 735, 1845-1846 ——Cnicus arvensis Hoffm. γ. setosus (Ldb.) Maxim. is Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 19: 51, 1874; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 462, 1888 ——Carduus segetum (Bunge) Franch. in Noun. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 6: 57, 1883 (Pl. David. 1: 178, 1884) ——Cephalonoplos setosum (MB.) Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3:8, 1934 et in Mern. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13:135, 1937; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4:609, 1975 ——C. segetum (Bunge) Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3:8, 1934 et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13: 137, 1937; 江苏南部种子植物手册, 797, 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴 4:608, 1975 ——Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. setosum f. albiflorum Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 1: 319, 1937 ——C. albiflorum (Kitag.) Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Manch. 447, 1939 ——Cnicus arvensis auct. non O. Hoffm. : Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Sco. 23: 460, 1888 ——Cirsium arvense auct. non (L.) Scop.: Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 92, 1934; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 51, 1966, p. p. ——C. arvense var. incanum auct. mon Ldb.: Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 143, 1935.
  多年生草本。茎直立，高30-80（100-120）厘米，基部直径3-5毫米，有时可达1厘米，上部有分枝，花序分枝无毛或有薄绒毛。基生叶和中部茎叶椭圆形、长椭圆形或椭圆状倒披针形，顶端钝或圆形，基部楔形，有时有极短的叶柄，通常无叶柄，长7-15厘米，宽1.5-10厘米，上部茎叶渐小，椭圆形或披针形或线状披针形，或全部茎叶不分裂，叶缘有细密的针刺，针刺紧贴叶缘。或叶缘有刺齿，齿顶针刺大小不等，针刺长达3.5毫米，或大部茎叶羽状浅裂或半裂或边缘粗大圆锯齿，裂片或锯齿斜三角形，顶端钝，齿顶及裂片顶端有较长的针刺，齿缘及裂片边缘的针刺较短且贴伏。全部茎叶两面同色，绿色或下面色淡，两面无毛，极少两面异色，上面绿色，无毛，下面被稀疏或稠密的绒毛而呈现灰色的，亦极少两面同色，灰绿色，两面被薄绒毛。头状花序单生茎端，或植株含少数或多数头状花序在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序。总苞卵形、长卵形或卵圆形，直径1.5-2厘米。总苞片约6层，覆瓦状排列，向内层渐长，外层与中层宽1.5-2毫米，包括顶端针刺长5-8毫米；内层及最内层长椭圆形至线形，长1.1-2厘米，宽1-1.8毫米；中外层苞片顶端有长不足0.5毫米的短针刺，内层及最内层渐尖，膜质，短针刺。小花紫红色或白色，雌花花冠长2.4厘米，檐部长6毫米，细管部细丝状，长18毫米，两性花花冠长1.8厘米，檐部长6毫米，细管部细丝状，长1.2毫米。瘦果淡黄色，椭圆形或偏斜椭圆形，压扁，长3毫米，宽1.5毫米，顶端斜截形。冠毛污白色，多层，整体脱落；冠毛刚毛长羽毛状，长3.5厘米，顶端渐细。花果期5-9月。
  除西藏、云南、广东、广西外，几遍全国各地。分布平原、丘陵和山地。生于山坡、河旁或荒地、田间，海拔170-2650米。欧洲东部、中部、苏联东、西西伯利亚及远东、蒙古、朝鲜、日本广有分布。模式标本采自波兰。
形态特征：多年生草本，高20—50厘米。根状茎细长，直立或横走，匍匐状，有多数不定根。茎直立，有白色柔毛或蛛丝状毛。叶互生，长椭圆状披针形，长7—10厘米，宽1.5—2.5厘米，先端钝尖，基部狭或钝圆，边缘有尖刺，两面被蛛丝状毛，无柄。头状花序单一，顶生，花单性，雌雄异株，全
用    途：根状茎或全草药用，有凉血活血、消肿散瘀功效，主治咯血、尿血、高血压、传染性肝炎、急和慢性肾炎、、功能性子宫出血、尿结石、外伤出血、痈疖疮疡、湿疹。
分    布：产木鱼坪、老君山、板仓、大九湖、桂连坪。
生    境：生长在海拔950—1700米的山坡路旁或沟边草丛中。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium  Wimmer & Grabowski Fl. Siles. 2(2): 92 ["82"]. 1829.
刺儿菜   ci er cai
Breea segetum (Bunge) Kitamura; Carduus segetum (Bunge) Franchet; Cephalonoplos segetum (Bunge) Kitamura; Cirsium argunense Candolle; C. arvense f. albiflorum Kitagawa; C. arvense var. mite Wimmer & Grabowski; C. arvense var. setosum (Willdenow) C. A. Meyer; C. arvense var. subulatum (Ledebour) Ledebour; C. laevigatum Tausch; C. segetum Bunge; C. setosum (Willdenow) M. Bieberstein; C. setosum f. albiflorum (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; C. setosum var. subulatum Ledebour; Cnicus arvensis var. setosus (Willdenow) Maximowicz; C. setosus (Willdenow) Besser; Serratula setosa Willdenow.
Stems glabrous or sparsely felted. Leaves ± concolorous, surface smooth, abaxially green to grayish green and glabrous or sparsely cobwebby, adaxially green and glabrous. Lower and middle cauline leaves usually sessile, ± narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 7-15 × 1.5-10 cm, undivided or sometimes pinnately divided into entire lobes, base usually cuneate, margin entire and densely fringed with tender spinules, apex obtuse to rounded. Upper cauline leaves elliptic, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, gradually smaller upward. Involucre glabrous. Outer and middle phyllaries with an apical spinule less than 0.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.
Mountain slopes, by rivers, wet lands, farmlands; 100-2700 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia, Europe].
Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium is the most common variant in China. The whole plant is used medicinally.Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium is the most common variant in China. The whole plant is used medicinally.