毛堇菜Viola thomsonii Oudem.

别名：贡山堇菜;

科名：堇菜科 Violaceae

属名：堇菜属 Viola

《中国植物志》第51卷097页
  81．毛堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）贡山堇菜（云南种子植物名录）图版19: 14-19
  Viola thomsonii Oudem. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 74. 1867; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 257. 1916. et l. c. 40 (2): 107. 1923; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 374. 1931; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 242. 260. 1949; Hara in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 3rd rep. 213. 1966; 云南种子植物名录 上册208. 1984.
  多年生草本，无地上茎。根状茎粗而长，长者可达10余厘米，粗4-6毫米，节间长2-4厘米。匍匐枝细长呈鞭状，长达15厘米，有互生的小形叶片，顶端常形成新植株。叶基生；叶片在下部者较小，呈心形，上部者较大，呈卵状心形，长6-8厘米，宽4-4.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部深心形，边缘密生浅圆齿，两面散生白色短毛，或下面无毛；叶柄长短不等，长6-11厘米，上部有极狭的翅，无毛；托叶干膜质，深褐色，披针形或宽披针形，长1-1.5厘米，边缘具长流苏状齿，无毛。花淡紫色或白色；花梗通常不超出于叶丛，无毛，上方（紧靠花）有2枚小苞片；小苞片干膜质，褐色，线形，长8-10毫米；萼片披针形，长4.5-5.5毫米，宽1.2-1.8毫米，先端尖，基部具较长的附属物，附属物长约2毫米，末端具2-3浅齿，疏生纤毛，具3脉；花瓣长圆状倒卵形，长约1.5厘米，侧方花瓣里面无须毛，下方花瓣较短，里面有紫堇色条纹，具短距；距呈囊状，较萼片附属物短，粗约2毫米；下方2枚雄蕊具角状短距，与花药近等长；子房卵球形，无毛，花柱棍棒状，柱头两侧具窄和缘边，前方具直立的短喙，喙端柱头孔细。蒴果椭圆形。种子球形，暗褐色。花期4-6月，果期7-8月。
  产云南西北部（镇康、福贡、贡山等地）。生于海拔约2000米左右的山地林下、林缘、溪谷或路旁等地的阴湿处。
  本种与光叶堇菜 V. hossei W. Beck. 近似，但本种植株较健壮，根状茎粗长；叶形较大，先端渐尖，两面常有白色短毛，托叶深褐色；萼的附属物伸长，末端具圆齿；柱头顶端两侧有较宽的缘边等易于区别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola thomsonii  Oudemans
毛堇菜   mao jin cai
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome long, longest to 10 cm, stout, 4-6 mm in diam.; internodes 2-4 cm. Stolon long, to 15 cm, slender, flagellate, with alternate small leaves, often producing new plant at top. Leaves basal; stipules deep brown, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, dry membranous, margin fimbriate-dentate, glabrous; petioles unequal in length, 6-11 cm, very narrowly winged in upper part, glabrous; lower leaves cordate, smaller, upper ones larger, ovate-cordate, 6-8 × 4-4.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely white puberulous or glabrous adaxially, base deeply cordate, margin densely and shallowly crenate, apex acuminate. Flowers white or light violet; pedicels usually not exceeding leaves, glabrous, 2-bracteolate tightly near flower; bracteoles brown, linear, 1-1.3 cm, dry membranous. Sepals lanceolate, 4.5-5.5 × 1.2-1.8 mm, apex acute, basal auricles longer, ca. 2 mm, apex shallowly 2- or 3-dentate, sparsely ciliate, 3-veined. Petals oblong-obovate, ca. 1.5 cm, lateral ones shortly bearded, anterior one shorter, inside purple striate, shortly spurred; spur saccate, shorter than basal auricles of sepals, ca. 2 mm in diam.; spur of 2 anterior stamens shortly angular, subequaling anthers. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous; styles clavate; stigmas narrowly margined on lateral sides, shortly beaked in front, beak erect, with smaller stigma hole at tip. Capsule ellipsoid. Seeds dark brown, globose, 7-10 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Mountain forests, forest margins, stream valleys, shaded and moist places along roadsides; 800-2400 m. SE Xizang, NW and S Yunnan [Bhutan, E India, Myanmar, Nepal].