栏目

毛堇菜Viola thomsonii Oudem.

毛堇菜Viola thomsonii Oudem.

别名:贡山堇菜;

科名:堇菜科 Violaceae

属名:堇菜属 Viola

《中国植物志》第51卷097页
  81.毛堇菜(静生生物调查所汇报)贡山堇菜(云南种子植物名录)图版19: 14-19
  Viola thomsonii Oudem. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 74. 1867; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 257. 1916. et l. c. 40 (2): 107. 1923; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 374. 1931; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 242. 260. 1949; Hara in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 3rd rep. 213. 1966; 云南种子植物名录 上册208. 1984.
  多年生草本,无地上茎。根状茎粗而长,长者可达10余厘米,粗4-6毫米,节间长2-4厘米。匍匐枝细长呈鞭状,长达15厘米,有互生的小形叶片,顶端常形成新植株。叶基生;叶片在下部者较小,呈心形,上部者较大,呈卵状心形,长6-8厘米,宽4-4.5厘米,先端渐尖,基部深心形,边缘密生浅圆齿,两面散生白色短毛,或下面无毛;叶柄长短不等,长6-11厘米,上部有极狭的翅,无毛;托叶干膜质,深褐色,披针形或宽披针形,长1-1.5厘米,边缘具长流苏状齿,无毛。花淡紫色或白色;花梗通常不超出于叶丛,无毛,上方(紧靠花)有2枚小苞片;小苞片干膜质,褐色,线形,长8-10毫米;萼片披针形,长4.5-5.5毫米,宽1.2-1.8毫米,先端尖,基部具较长的附属物,附属物长约2毫米,末端具2-3浅齿,疏生纤毛,具3脉;花瓣长圆状倒卵形,长约1.5厘米,侧方花瓣里面无须毛,下方花瓣较短,里面有紫堇色条纹,具短距;距呈囊状,较萼片附属物短,粗约2毫米;下方2枚雄蕊具角状短距,与花药近等长;子房卵球形,无毛,花柱棍棒状,柱头两侧具窄和缘边,前方具直立的短喙,喙端柱头孔细。蒴果椭圆形。种子球形,暗褐色。花期4-6月,果期7-8月。
  产云南西北部(镇康、福贡、贡山等地)。生于海拔约2000米左右的山地林下、林缘、溪谷或路旁等地的阴湿处。
  本种与光叶堇菜 V. hossei W. Beck. 近似,但本种植株较健壮,根状茎粗长;叶形较大,先端渐尖,两面常有白色短毛,托叶深褐色;萼的附属物伸长,末端具圆齿;柱头顶端两侧有较宽的缘边等易于区别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola thomsonii  Oudemans
毛堇菜   mao jin cai
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome long, longest to 10 cm, stout, 4-6 mm in diam.; internodes 2-4 cm. Stolon long, to 15 cm, slender, flagellate, with alternate small leaves, often producing new plant at top. Leaves basal; stipules deep brown, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, dry membranous, margin fimbriate-dentate, glabrous; petioles unequal in length, 6-11 cm, very narrowly winged in upper part, glabrous; lower leaves cordate, smaller, upper ones larger, ovate-cordate, 6-8 × 4-4.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely white puberulous or glabrous adaxially, base deeply cordate, margin densely and shallowly crenate, apex acuminate. Flowers white or light violet; pedicels usually not exceeding leaves, glabrous, 2-bracteolate tightly near flower; bracteoles brown, linear, 1-1.3 cm, dry membranous. Sepals lanceolate, 4.5-5.5 × 1.2-1.8 mm, apex acute, basal auricles longer, ca. 2 mm, apex shallowly 2- or 3-dentate, sparsely ciliate, 3-veined. Petals oblong-obovate, ca. 1.5 cm, lateral ones shortly bearded, anterior one shorter, inside purple striate, shortly spurred; spur saccate, shorter than basal auricles of sepals, ca. 2 mm in diam.; spur of 2 anterior stamens shortly angular, subequaling anthers. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous; styles clavate; stigmas narrowly margined on lateral sides, shortly beaked in front, beak erect, with smaller stigma hole at tip. Capsule ellipsoid. Seeds dark brown, globose, 7-10 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Mountain forests, forest margins, stream valleys, shaded and moist places along roadsides; 800-2400 m. SE Xizang, NW and S Yunnan [Bhutan, E India, Myanmar, Nepal].

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