泽泻虾脊兰Calanthe alismaefolia Lindl.
泽泻虾脊兰Calanthe alismaefolia Lindl.
31.泽泻虾脊兰（中国高等植物图鉴）细点根节兰（台湾植物志）图版53:1-2
Calanthe alismaefolia Lindl., Fol. Orch. Calanthe 8. 1854; Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 918. 1864; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 849. 1890; King etPantl. in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 170. Pl. 230. 1898; W. W. Smith et G. H. Cave in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: 243. 1911; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sinic. 7: 1357. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (3, 4): 109. 1972; Garay et Sweet, Orch. South. Rhukyu Isl. 122. 1974;台湾兰科植物1: 86-87 (图). 1975;中国高等植物图鉴5: 719.图8268. 1976;台湾植物志5: 905. 1978; Averyanov, Vasc. Pl. Syn. Vietnam. Fl. 1: 44. 1990, et Iden. Guide Vietnam. Orch. 105. 1994: 浙江植物志7: 529.图7-708. 1993; 中国兰花全书131.图6-7 (34, 35). 1998. ——Calanthe japonica Bl. ex Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Ludg. Bat. 2: 205. 1866. ——Calanthe fauriei Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 66. 1919; S. Y. Hu, l. c. p. 201. ——Calanthe nigropuncticulata Fukuyama in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 48: 437. 1934; Masamune in J. Geobot. 18 (1): t. 159. 1970; S. Y. Hu, l. c. p. 204.
根状茎不明显。假鳞茎细圆柱形，长1-3厘米，粗3-5毫米，具3-6枚叶，无明显的假茎。叶在花期全部展开，椭圆形至卵状椭圆形，形似泽泻叶，通常长10-14厘米，最长可达20厘米，宽4-10厘米，先端急尖或锐尖，基部楔形或圆形并收狭为柄，边缘稍波状，两面无毛，有时背面疏被短毛；叶柄纤细，比叶片长或短，长6-20厘米或更长，粗约4毫米。花葶1-2个，从叶腋抽出，直立，纤细，约与叶等长，密被短柔毛，在花序之下具1-2枚鞘和苞片状的叶；鞘筒状，长1-1.5厘米；总状花序长3-4厘米，具3至10余朵花；花苞片宿存，草质，稍外弯，宽卵状披针形，长5-10毫米，基部宽4-7毫米，先端渐尖或稍钝，边缘波状；花梗和子房长达2厘米，被短柔毛；花白色或有时带浅紫堇色；萼片近相似，近倒卵形，长约1厘米，中部以上宽6毫米，先端稍钝，具5条脉，仅中央3脉较明显，背面被黑褐色糙伏毛；花瓣近菱形，长8毫米，中部宽4毫米，先端钝，基部收狭，具3条脉，无毛；唇瓣基部与整个蕊柱翅合生，比萼片大，向前伸展，3深裂；侧裂片线形或狭长圆形，长约8毫米，宽约2毫米，先端圆形，两侧裂片之间具数个瘤状的附属物和密被灰色长毛；中裂片扇形，比侧裂片大得多，先端近截形，深2裂（裂口深为中裂片长的2/5），近先端处宽约1厘米，基部收狭为爪，无毛；距圆筒形，纤细，劲直，与子房近平行，长约1厘米，无毛；蕊柱长约3毫米，上端稍扩大，无毛；蕊喙2裂，裂片近长圆形，长1.2毫米，宽约0.5毫米，先端近截形；药帽在前端收狭，先端截形；花粉团卵球形，近等大，长约2毫米。花期6-7月。
产台湾（五指山、插天山）、湖北（秭归、神农架地区）、四川（叙永、峨眉山、屏山、合江、南川、筠连、琪县、云阳）、云南（西畴、屏边、西双版纳、景东、沧源、思茅、怒江流域）和西藏东南部（墨脱）。生于海拔800-1700米的常绿阔叶林下。也分布于锡金、印度东北部、越南、日本。模式标本采自锡金。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Calanthe alismatifolia Lindley Fol. Orchid. 6-7(Calanthe): 8. 1855.
泽泻虾脊兰 ze xie xia ji lan
Alismorkis alismatifolia (Lindley) Kuntze; A. japonica (Blume ex Miquel) Kuntze; Calanthe austrokiusiuensis Ohwi; C. fauriei Schlechter; C. furcata Bateman ex Lindley var. alismatifolia (Lindley) M. Hiroe; C. furcata f. fauriei (Schlechter) M. Hiroe; C. japonica Blume ex Miquel; C. nigropuncticulata Fukuyama.
Plants 20-45 cm tall. Rhizome inconspicuous. Pseudobulbs cylindric, 1-3 cm × 3-5 mm. Leaves 3-6, basal, well developed and spreading at anthesis, not deciduous; blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-23 × 4-12 cm, glabrous or abaxially sometimes with short hairs, apex acute; petiole-like base 6-20 cm, slender. Scapes 1 or 2, arising from leaf axils, erect, 10-28 cm, slender, densely puberulent; rachis 3-4 cm, subdensely to densely 3- to more than 10-flowered; floral bracts persistent, slightly recurved, broadly ovate-lanceolate, 5-10 mm, abaxially sparsely puberulent. Flowers white, sometimes tinged purplish violet; pedicel and ovary 10-20 mm, puberulent. Sepals similar, subobovate, ca. 10 × 6 mm, abaxially pilose, 5-veined. Petals subrhombic, ca. 8 × 4 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, apex obtuse; lip adnate to entire length of column wings, spreading, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes linear or narrowly oblong, ca. 8 × 2 mm, apex rounded; mid-lobe flabellate, ca. 17 × 12 mm, base clawed, apex subtruncate, divided by a deep sinus into 2 lobules; lobules subrhombic, much larger than lateral lobes, 5-6 mm wide, margin entire or erose, apex truncate-obtuse; disk with several yellow, wartlike calli at base; spur straight, cylindric, ca. 10 mm, slender, glabrous. Column ca. 3 mm, slightly dilated at apex, glabrous; rostellum 2-lobed; lobes ca. 1.2 mm; pollinia ovoid, subequal in size, ca. 2 mm. Capsule ca. 20 × 6 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul. 2n = 40, 44.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 700-2100 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, SE and W Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, Japan, Vietnam].
别名：铁钉钯;棕树七;石上蕉;铁蓖子;铁钉耙;细点根节兰;泽泻蝦脊兰;泽泻叶虾脊兰;棕叶七;铁篦子;
科名：兰科 Orchidaceae
属名：虾脊兰属 Calanthe
31.泽泻虾脊兰（中国高等植物图鉴）细点根节兰（台湾植物志）图版53:1-2
Calanthe alismaefolia Lindl., Fol. Orch. Calanthe 8. 1854; Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 918. 1864; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 849. 1890; King etPantl. in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 170. Pl. 230. 1898; W. W. Smith et G. H. Cave in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: 243. 1911; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sinic. 7: 1357. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (3, 4): 109. 1972; Garay et Sweet, Orch. South. Rhukyu Isl. 122. 1974;台湾兰科植物1: 86-87 (图). 1975;中国高等植物图鉴5: 719.图8268. 1976;台湾植物志5: 905. 1978; Averyanov, Vasc. Pl. Syn. Vietnam. Fl. 1: 44. 1990, et Iden. Guide Vietnam. Orch. 105. 1994: 浙江植物志7: 529.图7-708. 1993; 中国兰花全书131.图6-7 (34, 35). 1998. ——Calanthe japonica Bl. ex Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Ludg. Bat. 2: 205. 1866. ——Calanthe fauriei Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 66. 1919; S. Y. Hu, l. c. p. 201. ——Calanthe nigropuncticulata Fukuyama in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 48: 437. 1934; Masamune in J. Geobot. 18 (1): t. 159. 1970; S. Y. Hu, l. c. p. 204.
根状茎不明显。假鳞茎细圆柱形，长1-3厘米，粗3-5毫米，具3-6枚叶，无明显的假茎。叶在花期全部展开，椭圆形至卵状椭圆形，形似泽泻叶，通常长10-14厘米，最长可达20厘米，宽4-10厘米，先端急尖或锐尖，基部楔形或圆形并收狭为柄，边缘稍波状，两面无毛，有时背面疏被短毛；叶柄纤细，比叶片长或短，长6-20厘米或更长，粗约4毫米。花葶1-2个，从叶腋抽出，直立，纤细，约与叶等长，密被短柔毛，在花序之下具1-2枚鞘和苞片状的叶；鞘筒状，长1-1.5厘米；总状花序长3-4厘米，具3至10余朵花；花苞片宿存，草质，稍外弯，宽卵状披针形，长5-10毫米，基部宽4-7毫米，先端渐尖或稍钝，边缘波状；花梗和子房长达2厘米，被短柔毛；花白色或有时带浅紫堇色；萼片近相似，近倒卵形，长约1厘米，中部以上宽6毫米，先端稍钝，具5条脉，仅中央3脉较明显，背面被黑褐色糙伏毛；花瓣近菱形，长8毫米，中部宽4毫米，先端钝，基部收狭，具3条脉，无毛；唇瓣基部与整个蕊柱翅合生，比萼片大，向前伸展，3深裂；侧裂片线形或狭长圆形，长约8毫米，宽约2毫米，先端圆形，两侧裂片之间具数个瘤状的附属物和密被灰色长毛；中裂片扇形，比侧裂片大得多，先端近截形，深2裂（裂口深为中裂片长的2/5），近先端处宽约1厘米，基部收狭为爪，无毛；距圆筒形，纤细，劲直，与子房近平行，长约1厘米，无毛；蕊柱长约3毫米，上端稍扩大，无毛；蕊喙2裂，裂片近长圆形，长1.2毫米，宽约0.5毫米，先端近截形；药帽在前端收狭，先端截形；花粉团卵球形，近等大，长约2毫米。花期6-7月。
产台湾（五指山、插天山）、湖北（秭归、神农架地区）、四川（叙永、峨眉山、屏山、合江、南川、筠连、琪县、云阳）、云南（西畴、屏边、西双版纳、景东、沧源、思茅、怒江流域）和西藏东南部（墨脱）。生于海拔800-1700米的常绿阔叶林下。也分布于锡金、印度东北部、越南、日本。模式标本采自锡金。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Calanthe alismatifolia Lindley Fol. Orchid. 6-7(Calanthe): 8. 1855.
泽泻虾脊兰 ze xie xia ji lan
Alismorkis alismatifolia (Lindley) Kuntze; A. japonica (Blume ex Miquel) Kuntze; Calanthe austrokiusiuensis Ohwi; C. fauriei Schlechter; C. furcata Bateman ex Lindley var. alismatifolia (Lindley) M. Hiroe; C. furcata f. fauriei (Schlechter) M. Hiroe; C. japonica Blume ex Miquel; C. nigropuncticulata Fukuyama.
Plants 20-45 cm tall. Rhizome inconspicuous. Pseudobulbs cylindric, 1-3 cm × 3-5 mm. Leaves 3-6, basal, well developed and spreading at anthesis, not deciduous; blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-23 × 4-12 cm, glabrous or abaxially sometimes with short hairs, apex acute; petiole-like base 6-20 cm, slender. Scapes 1 or 2, arising from leaf axils, erect, 10-28 cm, slender, densely puberulent; rachis 3-4 cm, subdensely to densely 3- to more than 10-flowered; floral bracts persistent, slightly recurved, broadly ovate-lanceolate, 5-10 mm, abaxially sparsely puberulent. Flowers white, sometimes tinged purplish violet; pedicel and ovary 10-20 mm, puberulent. Sepals similar, subobovate, ca. 10 × 6 mm, abaxially pilose, 5-veined. Petals subrhombic, ca. 8 × 4 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, apex obtuse; lip adnate to entire length of column wings, spreading, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes linear or narrowly oblong, ca. 8 × 2 mm, apex rounded; mid-lobe flabellate, ca. 17 × 12 mm, base clawed, apex subtruncate, divided by a deep sinus into 2 lobules; lobules subrhombic, much larger than lateral lobes, 5-6 mm wide, margin entire or erose, apex truncate-obtuse; disk with several yellow, wartlike calli at base; spur straight, cylindric, ca. 10 mm, slender, glabrous. Column ca. 3 mm, slightly dilated at apex, glabrous; rostellum 2-lobed; lobes ca. 1.2 mm; pollinia ovoid, subequal in size, ca. 2 mm. Capsule ca. 20 × 6 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul. 2n = 40, 44.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 700-2100 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, SE and W Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, Japan, Vietnam].
