木槿Hibiscus syriacus Linn.

别名：木锦、荆条

科名：锦葵科 Malvaceae

属名：木槿属 Hibiscus

《中国植物志》第49(2)卷075页
  14.木槿（日华本草）木棉、荆条（江苏），朝开暮落花（本草纲目），喇叭花（福建）
  Hibiscus syriacus Linn. Sp. Pl. 695, 1753; Cavan. Diss. 3: 169, t. 69, f. 1, 1787; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 420, 1790; ed. Willd. 511, 1793; Masters in Hook. f. , Fl. Brit, Ind. 1: 344, 1874; Forbes & Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 88, 1886 (Ind. Fl. Sin. 1) ; Gurcke & Diels in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 469, 1900; Hochr. in Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Gen. 4: 76, 1900; Gilg in Englers Bot. Jahrb. 34 Beibl. 75: 52, 1904; Diels in ibidem. 36 Beibl. 82: 75, 1905; Matsum. & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 56, 1906 (Enum. Pl. Formosa); Gagnep. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 428, 1910; Pampanini in Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 17: 432, 1910; Ulbrich ex Loes. in Beib. Bot. Central. 37 (2): 150, 1919; T. Ito, Ill. Fl. Formosa ed. 2, 479, f. 477, 1928; Liu in Bull. Peking Soc. Nat. Hist. 2 (3): 132, 1928, Hsia in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1: 59, 1931; Hand. Mazz.-Symb. Sin. 7: 608, 1933; in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 52 (b): 164, 1934; Merr. in Trans. Am. Philip. Soc. n. s, 24: 260, 1935; Pei in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China Bot. 9: 183, 1934; Tsoong in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 4: 77, 1936; Kanchira Formosa Trees 75, 1917; rev. ed. 440, 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学764, 图650, 1937; 贾祖璋, 中国植物图鉴437, 图742, 1937; Sato, Ill. Manch: Mong. Trees 295, f. 222, 1943; Masam. Fl. Kaim. 198, 1943; S. Y. Hu in Jour. West China Bord. Res, Soc. 15 (b): 136, 1945; 崔友文, 华北经济植物志要314, 1953; S. Y. Hu Fl. China Family 153: 51, pl. 10, 1955; 陈焕镛, 海南植物志2: 99, 1965; 昆明植物研究所, 云南植物志2: 229, 图60: 1-3, 1979.——Althaea furtex Hort. ex Miller Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Alt. Hib. 1768, pro syn. ; Jacques in Ann. Soc. Hort. Paris 24: 337, 1844, pro syn.——Ketmia syriaca Scopoli Fl. Carniol. ed 2, 2: 45, 1772.——Hibiscus rhombifolius Cavan. Diss. 3: t. 69, f. 3, 1787.——Ketmia syrorum Medicus Malv. 45, 1787. ——Ketmia srborea Moench Meth. 617, 1794, Hibiscus floridus Salisb. Prodr. 383, 1796.——Hibiscus acerifolius Salisb. ex Hook. Parad. London, 1: t. 33, 1806.——Hibiscus syriacus var. chinensis Lindl. in. Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. 8: 58, 1853.——Hibiscus syriacus var. sinewsis Lemaire in Jard. Fleur. 4: t. 370, 1854.——Hibiscus chinensis auct. non DC. : Forbes & Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 88, 1886 (In. Fl. Sin. 1) ; Hayata Ic. Pl. Formosa 1: 99, 1911; Chung in Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 166, 1924 (Cat. Trees & Shrubs China).
形态特征：落叶灌木，高3-4米。叶菱状卵圆形，长3-6厘米，宽2-4厘米，常3裂，基部楔形，下面有毛或近无毛；叶柄长5-25毫米；托叶条形，长约为花萼之半。花单生叶腋，花梗长4-14毫米，有星状短毛；小苞片6或7，条形，长6-15毫米，有星状毛；萼钟形，裂片5；花冠钟形，淡紫、白、红等色，直径约5-6厘米。蒴果卵圆形，直径12毫米，密生星状绒毛/
分    布：全国各地均有
生    境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：全株
药用功能：清热凉血、利尿
药用主治：用于清热凉血、利尿。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Hibiscus syriacus  Linnaeus
木槿   mu jin
Ketmia arborea Moench, nom. illeg. superfl.; K. syriaca (Linnaeus) Scopoli; K. syrorum Moench, nom. illeg. superfl..
Shrubs deciduous, erect, 1.5-4 m tall. Branchlets yellow stellate puberulent. Stipules filiform-subulate, ca. 6 mm, pilose; petiole 5-25 mm, stellate pubescent adaxially; leaf blade rhomboid to triangular-ovate or broadly lanceolate, variously 3-lobed or entire, 3-10 × 2-4 cm, papery, abaxially puberulent along veins or glabrous, adaxially glabrous, basal veins 3-5, base cuneate, margin irregularly incised, apex obtuse to subacute. Flowers solitary, axillary on upper branches. Pedicel 4-14 mm, stellate puberulent. Epicalyx lobes 6-8, filiform, 6-20 × 0.5-2 mm, ± free, connate at base only, densely stellate puberulent, apex obtuse or acute. Calyx campanulate, 14-20 mm, densely stellate puberulent, lobes 5, triangular. Corolla blue-purple, violet, white, pink, or reddish, sometimes with darker center, campanulate, sometimes double, 5-6 cm in diam.; petals obovate, 3.5-4.5 cm, pilose and stellate villous abaxially. Staminal column ca. 3 cm. Style glabrous. Capsule ovoid-globose, ca. 12 mm in diam., densely yellow stellate puberulent. Seeds reniform, with yellow-white hairs abaxially. Fl. Jul-Oct.
● Sea cliffs, hillsides, along streams, roadsides, also extensively cultivated; below 1200 m. Native in Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang; cultivated in Fujian, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Xizang [cultivated in most tropical and temperate regions].
Despite the specific epithet, Hibiscus syriacus originated in China but was taken into cultivation very early and was distributed to the Middle East along early trade routes. It is a very popular frost-hardy flowering shrub from which many named cultivars have been developed, some of which have been given formal scientific names. These include:

H. syriacus var. alboplenus Loudon (白花重瓣木槿 bai hua chong ban mu jin): Flowers double, white, 6-10 cm in diam.

H. syriacus var. amplissimus L. F. Gagnepain (粉紫重瓣木槿 fen zi chong ban mu jin): Flowers double, pink-purple with red center.

H. syriacus var. brevibracteatus S. Y. Hu (短苞木槿 duan bao mu jin): Leaf blade rhomboid, base cuneate. Flowers single, purplish. Epicalyx lobes very small, 3-5 × 0.5-1 mm, silky.

H. syriacus var. elegantissimus L. F. Gagnepain (雅致木槿 ya zhi mu jin): Flowers double, pink, 6-7 cm in diam.

H. syriacus var. grandiflorus Rehder (大花木槿 da hua mu jin): Flowers single, peach or red.

H. syriacus var. longibracteatus S. Y. Hu (长苞木槿 chang bao mu jin): Flowers single, purplish. Epicalyx lobes nearly as long as sepals, 15-20 × 1-2 mm.

H. syriacus var. paeoniiflorus L. F. Gagnepain (牡丹木槿 mu dan mu jin): Flowers double, pink or purplish, 7-9 cm in diam.

H. syriacus var. totoalbus T. Moore (白花牡丹木槿 bai hua dan ban mu jin): Flowers single, white.

H. syriacus var. violaceus L. F. Gagnepain (紫花重瓣木槿 zi hua chong ban mu jin): Flowers double, greenish purple.

【拼音名】 Mù Jǐn
【别名】 榇、日及、朝开暮落花、藩篱草、花奴玉蒸
【性味】 甘、平、滑、无毒。
【功能主治】 1、赤白逅眄。用槿皮二两，切细，用白酒一碗半，煎成一碗，空心服。
2、头面钱癣。用槿树皮研为末，醋调匀，隔水煮成膏敷涂患处。
3、牛皮癣。用川槿皮一两、大风子仁十五个、半夏五钱（锉细），放在水二碗中浸露七宿，取出加轻粉少许，共研为末涂癣。有臭流出即愈。
4、痔疮肿痛。用木槿皮或叶煎汤先熏后洗。
5、大肠脱肛。用木槿根煎汤，先熏洗后，以白矾、五倍子调敷。
6、噤口痢。用红木槿花，去蒂，阴干为末，煎面饼二个，蘸末吃下。
7、风痰逆。用木槿花晒干，焙过，研为末。每服一、二匙，空心服，开水送下。白花更好。
8、黄水脓疮。用木槿子烧存性，调猪骨髓涂搽。
【摘录】 《中国辞典》