栏目

多叶隐子草Cleistogenes polyphylla Keng

多叶隐子草Cleistogenes polyphylla Keng

别名:多叶糙隐子草;萨格拉嘎日-哈扎嘎日-额布苏;多花隐子草;

科名:禾本科 Gramineae

属名:隐子草属 Cleistogenes

《中国植物志》第10(1)卷050页
  10.多叶隐子草(禾本科图说)图版15:1-6
  Cleistogenes polyphylla Keng, 中国主要植物图说 禾本科288. 图233. 1959; nom, nud, ex Keng f. et L. Liou in Acta Bot. Sin. 9(1): 69. 1960; ——Kengia polyphylla (Keng) Packer in Bot. Not. 113(3): 293. 1960.
  多年生草本。秆直立,丛生,粗壮,高15-40厘米,径1-2.5毫米,具多节,干后叶片常自鞘口处脱落,秆上部左右弯曲,与鞘口近于叉状分离。叶鞘多少具疣毛,层层包裹直达花序基部。叶舌截平,长约5毫米,具短纤毛;叶片披针形至线状披针形,长2-7厘米,宽2-4毫米,多直立上升,扁平或内卷,坚硬。花序狭窄,基部常为叶鞘所包,长4-7毫米,宽4-10毫米;小穗长8-13毫米,绿色或带紫色,含3-7小花:颖披针形或长圆形,具1-3(5)脉,第一颖长1.5-2(4)毫米,第二颖长3-4(5)毫米;外稃披针形,5脉,第一外稃长4-5毫米,先端具长0.5-1.5毫米的短芒;内稃与外稃近等长;花药长约2毫米。花果期7-10月。
  产吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、山东等省区;多生于干燥山坡、沟岸、灌丛。模式标本采自河北北戴河。
  本种为良好的山地牧草,家畜喜食。
形态特征:多年生草本。秆丛生,直立,高15—40cm,较粗 壮,径约1—1.25mm,具多节,干后叶片常自叶鞘口处脱落,上 部左右弯曲,与叶鞘近于叉状 分离。叶鞘多少具疣毛,层层包裹直达花序基部,叶舌截 平,叶片披针形至条状披针形,长2—6.5cm,宽2—4mm, 多直立上升,扁平或内卷,质 较坚硬。圆锥花序较狭窄,基 部常为叶鞘所包,长4—7cm, 宽1—3cm;小穗长8—13mm,含3一7小花,颖披针形或矩圆 形,具l一3(5)脉,外稃披 针形,具5脉,第一外稃先端具长0.5一1.5mm的短芒;内稃与外稃近等长(图5)。
地理分布:分布于我国东 北、华北及黄土高原地区。
生态特征:在内蒙古草原区,多叶隐子草于4月下 旬到5月中旬萌发, 6月中旬以后拔节, 7月中旬前后抽穗开花, 至9月上旬果实成熟并脱落, 9月下旬至lo月初,地上部分陆续枯萎,植株开始进入休眠期。多叶隐子草为疏丛型禾草。分蘖节位于表土层0—2cm内,新 分蘖芽均产生于株丛的外围,仅在株丛疏离之后,才能在株丛中央 部分分蘖萌生新的枝条。每个分蘖节都可能产生2个鸟嘴状、乳白 色的分蘖芽。根系多集中于35Cm以上的土层中,须根在10Cm以下 发达,但纤细而坚韧。在山地草原,多叶隐子草根系分布幅度可大于丛幅3倍左右。多叶隐子草为旱生—中旱生草原种,生于暖温带的山地、丘 陵和砾石质草地和灌丛下,是小禾草层片的主要成分之一。例如, 在大兴安岭南麓和东南麓就有贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis) +多叶隐子草+达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)+白莲蒿(Artemisia gmelinii) 和线叶菊 (Filifolium sibiricum) + 多叶隐子草群落的分布。前者群落的环境较湿润而凉爽,土壤主要 为暗栗钙土,质地较轻,土层较薄,后者主要分布于低山丘陵和山 前漫岗坡地,土体多砾石,侵蚀比较明显。
饲用价值:多叶隐子草草层低矮,枝细叶狭,干燥而柔软,各 种家畜M季均喜食,尤以马、羊为甚,春、秋两季放牧利用的价值最高。其直立性和冬季残留性远较糙隐子草 (C.squarrosa) 为 好,多评价为良等放牧型饲草。从化学成分来看,孕穗至开花期的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的含量,均明显低于糙隐子草,无氮浸出物的含量则显著高于糙隐子草。其营养比为1:13.6—19.8。因此,多叶隐子草属于碳氢一碳型牧草。其化学成分如表 5。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Cleistogenes polyphylla  Keng ex P. C. Keng & L. Liu
多叶隐子草   duo ye yin zi cao
Cleistogenes hancei Keng var. jeholensis (Honda) Kitagawa; C. serotina (Linnaeus) Keng var. jeholensis Honda; Kengia hancei (Keng) Packer var. jeholensis (Kitagawa) H. Yu & N. X. Zhao; K. polyphylla (Keng ex P. C. Keng & L. Liu) Packer.
Culms loosely tufted from a knotty base with old sheath remnants, lacking basal scaly buds, erect, slender to moderately stout, 25–90 cm tall, 0.8–1.5 mm in diam., many-noded, sometimes branching. Leaf sheaths longer than internodes, tuberculate-hispid (especially the lower), older lower sheaths with disarticulated blades, glabrescent and spotted with tubercles; leaf blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, stiffly erect or becoming divaricate, flat with involute apex, 2–10 × (0.2–)0.3–0.6 cm; ligule ca. 0.5 mm. Panicle contracted, 4–8.5 cm, base included in uppermost sheath; branches glabrous in the axils, simple, lowest branch 2–2.5 cm. Spikelets 8–13 mm, green or purple, florets 4–9; glumes lanceolate or oblong; lower glume 1.5–3.5(–4) mm, 1–3(–5)-veined; upper glume 3–5 mm, 3–5-veined; lemmas lanceolate, lowest 4–5.5 mm, loosely pilose near margins and base, emarginate; awn 0.5–1.8 mm; palea keels scabrid. Anthers ca. 2 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct.
* Dry mountain slopes, along banks of streams. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.
The habit is distinctive, with many nodes obscured by the overlapping leaf sheaths, broad, often erect leaf blades, and a contracted inflorescence with the base included in the uppermost sheath. The tubercles on the lower leaf sheaths are often purple colored and obvious. Robust specimens are similar to Cleistogenes hackelii var. nakaii, but that taxon has scaly basal buds, longer internodes with the nodes often exposed, and glabrous leaf sheaths.

This is a good mountain forage grass.

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