荸荠Heleocharis dulcis (Burm. F.) Trin. ex Henschel

别名：马蹄（奥俗）

科名：莎草科 Cyperaceae

属名：荸荠属 Heleocharis

《中国植物志》第11卷049页
  3.荸荠 马蹄（粤俗）图版XVIII，1-5
  Heleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. ex Henschel, Vita Rumph. (1833) 185; Merr. Interpret. Herb. Amb. (1917) 104 et in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila-delphia XXIV 2 (1935) 87; Bailey, Gentes Herbarum I (1920) 13; Ohwi, Cyper. Japon.II (1944) . 32; Merr. et Metca. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. XXIV (1945) 4;裴鑑、单人骅, 华东水生维管束植物 (1952) 28 ——Andropogon dulcis Burm. f. Fl. Ind. (1768) 219 ——Scirpus plantagineus Retz. Obs. V (1789) 14; Franch. Pl. David. I (1884) 318 ——Heleocharis plantaginea R. Br. Prod. (1810) 224, in nota; Bunge, Enum. (1833) 68; C. B. Clarke in Forbes et Hemsl. Ind. Fl. Sinen. III in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI (1903) 228; Dunn et Tutch. , Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. (1912) 297; Dielsin Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXIX (1901) 228; C. B Clarke in Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. XVI (1906) 62; Loes. Fl. Tsingtau. (1919) 94 ——Scirpus tuberosus Roxb. Pl. Corom. III (1819) 25, t. 231 ——Eleocharis tuberosa Schult. Mant. II (1824) 86; Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux XXX (1903) 229; Courtois in Belval, Fl. Ngan-hoei (1922) 146; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志 (1956) 749.
  有细长的匍匐根状茎，在匍匐根状茎的顶端生块茎，俗叶荸荠。稈多数，丛生，直立，圆柱状，高15-60厘米，直径1.5-3毫米，有多数横隔膜，干后稈表面现有节，但不明显，灰绿色，光滑无毛。叶缺如，只在稈的基部有2-3个叶鞘；鞘近膜质，绿黄色，紫红色或褐色，高2-20厘米，鞘口斜，顶端急尖。小穗顶生，圆柱状，长1.5-4厘米，直径6-7毫米，很淡绿色，顶端钝或近急尖，有多数花，在小穗基部有两片鳞片中空无花，抱小穗基部一周；其余鳞片全有花，松散地复瓦状排列，宽长圆形或卵状长圆形，顶端钝圆，长3-5毫米，宽2.5-3.5（-4）毫米，背部灰绿色，近革质，边缘为微黄色干膜质，全面有淡棕色细点，具一条中脉；下位刚毛7条；较小坚果长一倍半，有倒刺；柱头3。小坚果宽倒卵形，双凸状，顶端不缢缩，长约2.4毫米，竟1.8毫米，成熟时棕色，光滑，稍黄微绿色，表面细胞呈四至六角形；花柱基从宽的基部急骤变狭变扁而呈三角形，不为海绵质，基部具领状的环，环宽与小坚果质地相同，宽约为小坚果的1/2。花果期5-10月。
  全国各地都有栽培。朝鲜、日本、越南、印度也见分布。
  球茎富淀粉，供生食、熟食或提取淀粉，味甘美；也供药用，开胃解毒，消宿食，健肠胃。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Eleocharis dulcis  (N. L. Burman) Trinius ex Henschel Vita Rumphii. 186. 1833.
荸荠   bi qi
Andropogon dulcis N. L. Burman, Fl. Indica, 219. 1768; Eleocharis equisetina J. Presl & C. Presl; E. plantaginea (Retzius) Roemer & Schultes; E. plantagineiformis Tang & F. T. Wang; E. tuberosa Schultes; Scirpus plantagineus Retzius; S. tuberosus Roxburgh (1819), not Desfontaines (1798).
Perennials. Stolons slender, often terminated by a tuber. Culms erect, grayish green, tufted, 15-60 cm tall, 1.5-3 mm thick, cylindric, smooth, glabrous, surface with transverse septa, nodes evident when dry. Leaf sheaths 2 or 3, greenish yellow, purplish red, or brown, 2-20 cm, mouth obliquely truncate, apex acute. Spikelet pale green, cylindric, 1.5-4 cm × 6-7 mm, many flowered. Basal 2 glumes empty, amplexicaul for whole spikelet base; fertile glumes grayish green, laxly imbricate, broadly oblong to ovate-oblong, 3-5 × 2.5-3.5(-4) mm, subleathery, pale brown puncticulate and finely striate, margin pale yellow and membranous, apex obtuse. Perianth bristles 7, ca. 1.5 × as long as nutlet, retrorsely spinulose. Stigmas 3. Nutlet brown when mature, broadly obovoid, ca. 2.5 × 1.8 mm, biconvex, essentially smooth but faintly and finely cancellate with hexagonal to oblong hexagonal epidermal cells, apex not constricted but with an annular thickening; persistent style base triangular-attenuate, flattened, not spongy, base ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. and fr. May-Oct. 2n = 38, ca. 108.
Field margins, lake margins, commonly cultivated; near sea level to 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, W Hunan, Jiangsu, Taiwan [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, N Australia, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, Pacific islands].
The tuber (water chestnut) is eaten.The tuber (water chestnut) is eaten.

《全国中草药汇编》:荸荠

【拼音名】 Bí Jì
【别名】 马蹄、乌芋、地栗、地梨、苾荠、通天草[浙江杭州]
【来源】 莎草科荸荠属植物荸荠Eleocharis dulcis （Burm. f.） Trin. ex Henschel[E. tuberosa Roem et Schudt.; E. plantaginea R. Brown.]，以球茎及地上部分入药。秋末割取地上部分，晒干；球茎可新鲜采用。
【性味】 球茎：甘，平。
地上全草：苦，平。
【功能主治】 球茎：清热止渴，利湿化痰，降血压。用于热病伤津烦渴，咽喉肿痛，口腔炎，湿热黄疸，高血压病，小便不利，麻疹，肺热咳嗽，硅肺，痔疮出血。
地上全草：清热利尿。用于呃逆，小便不利。
【用法用量】 球茎2～4个；或适量捣汁服。
地上全草0.5～1两。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》