头状穗莎草Cyperus glomeratus Linn.
头状穗莎草Cyperus glomeratus Linn.
14.头状穗莎草 三轮草、状元花、喂香壶。图版XLIV, 1-4
Cyperus glomeratus Linn. Cent. Pl. II (1756) 5; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXI (1884) 141, XXXVI (1903) 213 et in Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr.Bot. XIV (1904) 201; Diels, Fl. Centr. -China (1905) 6; Courtois in Belval, Fl. Ngan-hoei (1906-22) 144 et in Mem. Hist. Nat. Chinois, Musee Heude VI (1920) 114; Matsuda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XXVII (1913) 101; T. Tang in Bull. FanMem. Inst. Biol. III (1932) 135 et 149; Kitagawa. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. (1939) 114; Kukenth. in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 101, IV, 20 (1935) 147.
一年生草本，具须根。稈散生，粗壮，高50-95厘米，钝三稜形，平滑，基部稍膨大，具少数叶。叶短于稈，宽4-8毫米，边缘不粗糙；叶鞘长，红棕色。叶状苞片3-4枚，较花序长，边缘粗糙；复出长侧枝聚繖花序具3-8个辐射枝，辐射枝长短不等，最长达12厘米；穗状花序无总花梗，近于圆形、椭圆形或长圆形，长1-3厘米，宽6-17毫米，具极多数小穗；小穗多列，排列极密，线状披针形或线形，稍扁平，长5-10毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，具8-16朵花；小穗轴具白色透明的翅；鳞片排列疏松，膜质，近长圆形，顶端钝，长约2毫米，棕红色，背面无龙骨状突起，脉极不明显，边缘内捲；雄蕊3，花药短，长圆形，暗血红色，药隔突出于花药顶端；花柱长，柱头3，较短。小坚果长圆形，三稜形，长为鳞片的1/2，灰色，具明显的网纹。花果期6-l0月。
产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、河南、山西、陕西、甘肃；多生长于水边沙土上或路旁阴湿的草丛中。分布于欧洲中部、地中海区域、亚洲中部地区、亚洲东部温带地区以及朝鲜和日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Cyperus glomeratus Linnaeus Cent. Pl. 2: 5. 1756.
头状穗莎草 tou zhuang sui suo cao
Annuals. Roots fibrous. Culms scattered, 30-60(-90) cm tall, stout, obtusely 3-angled, smooth, basally with leaves, base slightly swollen. Leaves few, shorter to slightly longer than culm; sheath reddish brown, long; leaf blade 4-8 mm wide, margin smooth. Involucral bracts 3 or 4, leaflike, longer than inflorescence. Inflorescence a compound anthela; rays 3-8, mostly to 12 cm, unequal in length; raylets lacking. Spikes subglobose, ellipsoid, or oblong, 1-3 × 0.6-1.7 cm, not pedunculate, with very many spikelets. Spikelets very densely arranged in several rows, narrowly linear-ovoid to linear, 5-10 × 1.5-2 mm, slightly compressed, 8-16-flowered; rachilla wings white, narrow, hyaline. Glumes reddish brown, lax, suboblong to oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, slightly spreading, veins very obscure, not keeled, margin involute, apex obtuse. Stamens 3; anthers short, oblong; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style slightly long; stigmas 3, ± short. Nutlet dark gray, narrowly oblong, ca. 1/2 as long as subtending glume, 3-sided, conspicuously reticulately striate. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct.
Wet grasslands along trails, sandy soil at water margins, river margins, lake banks, paddy fields; 100-1300 m. Anhui, S Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe].
别名：状元花;头穗苔草;球型莎草;头状莎草;聚穗莎草;球形莎草;球穗莎草;球花莎草;密穗莎草;三棱草;三轮草;莎草;水莎草;头穗莎草;图如特－萨哈拉－额布苏;沼莎草;喂香壶;
科名：莎草科 Cyperaceae
属名：莎草属 Cyperus
14.头状穗莎草 三轮草、状元花、喂香壶。图版XLIV, 1-4
Cyperus glomeratus Linn. Cent. Pl. II (1756) 5; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXI (1884) 141, XXXVI (1903) 213 et in Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr.Bot. XIV (1904) 201; Diels, Fl. Centr. -China (1905) 6; Courtois in Belval, Fl. Ngan-hoei (1906-22) 144 et in Mem. Hist. Nat. Chinois, Musee Heude VI (1920) 114; Matsuda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XXVII (1913) 101; T. Tang in Bull. FanMem. Inst. Biol. III (1932) 135 et 149; Kitagawa. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. (1939) 114; Kukenth. in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 101, IV, 20 (1935) 147.
一年生草本，具须根。稈散生，粗壮，高50-95厘米，钝三稜形，平滑，基部稍膨大，具少数叶。叶短于稈，宽4-8毫米，边缘不粗糙；叶鞘长，红棕色。叶状苞片3-4枚，较花序长，边缘粗糙；复出长侧枝聚繖花序具3-8个辐射枝，辐射枝长短不等，最长达12厘米；穗状花序无总花梗，近于圆形、椭圆形或长圆形，长1-3厘米，宽6-17毫米，具极多数小穗；小穗多列，排列极密，线状披针形或线形，稍扁平，长5-10毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，具8-16朵花；小穗轴具白色透明的翅；鳞片排列疏松，膜质，近长圆形，顶端钝，长约2毫米，棕红色，背面无龙骨状突起，脉极不明显，边缘内捲；雄蕊3，花药短，长圆形，暗血红色，药隔突出于花药顶端；花柱长，柱头3，较短。小坚果长圆形，三稜形，长为鳞片的1/2，灰色，具明显的网纹。花果期6-l0月。
产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、河南、山西、陕西、甘肃；多生长于水边沙土上或路旁阴湿的草丛中。分布于欧洲中部、地中海区域、亚洲中部地区、亚洲东部温带地区以及朝鲜和日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Cyperus glomeratus Linnaeus Cent. Pl. 2: 5. 1756.
头状穗莎草 tou zhuang sui suo cao
Annuals. Roots fibrous. Culms scattered, 30-60(-90) cm tall, stout, obtusely 3-angled, smooth, basally with leaves, base slightly swollen. Leaves few, shorter to slightly longer than culm; sheath reddish brown, long; leaf blade 4-8 mm wide, margin smooth. Involucral bracts 3 or 4, leaflike, longer than inflorescence. Inflorescence a compound anthela; rays 3-8, mostly to 12 cm, unequal in length; raylets lacking. Spikes subglobose, ellipsoid, or oblong, 1-3 × 0.6-1.7 cm, not pedunculate, with very many spikelets. Spikelets very densely arranged in several rows, narrowly linear-ovoid to linear, 5-10 × 1.5-2 mm, slightly compressed, 8-16-flowered; rachilla wings white, narrow, hyaline. Glumes reddish brown, lax, suboblong to oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, slightly spreading, veins very obscure, not keeled, margin involute, apex obtuse. Stamens 3; anthers short, oblong; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style slightly long; stigmas 3, ± short. Nutlet dark gray, narrowly oblong, ca. 1/2 as long as subtending glume, 3-sided, conspicuously reticulately striate. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct.
Wet grasslands along trails, sandy soil at water margins, river margins, lake banks, paddy fields; 100-1300 m. Anhui, S Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe].
