笋瓜Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam.

别名：winter squash;印度南瓜;套日格-朗瓜;套瓜;北瓜;搅瓜;黄茭瓜;王瓜;大瓜;冬南瓜;搅丝瓜;饭瓜;番葫芦;西葫芦;饺瓜;倭瓜;番瓜;大南瓜;南瓜;荀瓜;玉瓜;洋瓜;藏瓜;

科名：葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae

属名：南瓜属 Cucurbita

《中国植物志》第73(1)卷260页
  2. 笋瓜 北瓜，搅丝瓜（植物名实图考），饭瓜 图版64: 8-10
  Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam., Encycl. 2: 151. 1786; Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 544. 1881; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 622. 1879; Chakr., Ind. Journ. Agric. Sc. 16 (1): 6. 1946, et in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17 (1): 123. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 370, 图6153. 1975.
  一年生粗壮蔓生藤本；茎粗壮，圆柱状，具白色的短刚毛。叶柄粗壮，圆柱形，长15-20厘米，密被短刚毛；叶片肾形或圆肾形，长15-25厘米，近全缘或仅具细锯齿，顶端钝圆，基部心形，弯缺开张，深、宽均约2厘米，叶面深绿色，叶背浅绿色，两面有短刚毛叶脉在背面明显隆起。卷须粗壮，通常多歧，疏被短刚毛。雌雄同株。雄花单生，花梗长10-20厘米，有短柔毛；花萼筒钟形，裂片线状披针形，长1.8-2厘米，密被白色短刚毛；花冠筒状，5中裂，裂片卵圆形，先端钝，长、宽均为2-3厘米，边缘皱褶状，向外反折，有3-5条隆起的脉，中间一条延伸至顶端成尖头，脉上有明显的短毛，雄蕊3，花丝靠合，长5-7毫米，近无毛或仅在基部极疏被短毛，花药靠合，药室折曲。雌花单生；子房卵圆形，花柱短，柱头3，2裂。果梗短，圆柱状，不具棱和槽，瓜蒂不扩大或稍膨大；瓠果的形状和颜色因品种而异；种子丰满，扁压，边缘钝或多少拱起。
  原产印度；我国南、北各地普遍有栽培。
  果实作蔬菜，种子含油。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Cucurbita maxima  Duchesne Essai Hist. Nat. Courges. 7, 12. 1786.
笋瓜   sun gua
Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus var. maxima (Duchesne) Delile.
Plants climbing. Stem robust, white setose. Petiole 15-20 cm, densely setose; leaf blade reniform or orbicular-reniform, 15-25 cm, both surfaces setose, base cordate, margin almost entire or dentate, apex obtuse. Tendrils usually many fid, slightly setose. Male pedicel 10-20 cm, puberulent; calyx tube campanulate; segments linear-lanceolate, 18-20 mm, densely white setose; corolla tubular; segments reflexed, ovate-orbicular, 2-3 cm, margin rugose, apex obtuse; stamens 3; filaments connivent, 5-7 mm, almost glabrous or puberulent at base; anthers connivent. Ovary ovoid; style short; stigmas 2-lobed. Fruiting pedicel short, cylindric, not angular-sulcate, apex not enlarged; fruit variable in shape, size, and color. Seeds compressed, margin obtuse or marginate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Nov.
Commonly cultivated in China [native to South America; cultivated in tropical and temperate regions].
The fruit is used as a vegetable; the seeds contain oil.The fruit is used as a vegetable; the seeds contain oil.