红瓜Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt

别名：ivy gourd;老鸦菜;山黄瓜;

科名：葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae

属名：红瓜属 Coccinia

《中国植物志》第73(1)卷263页
  1. 红瓜（海南植物志）图版65：1-4
  Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calc. 59. 1845; Keraudren in Aubreville et Leroy, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 15: 66. 1975. ——Bryonia grandis Linn., Mant. 1: 126. 1767; Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 595. 1790. ——Coccinia indica Wight et Arn., Prodr. Fl. Penins. Ind. Or. 1: 347. 1834. nom. illegit. ——Cephalandra indica Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 5, 5: 16. 1866. nom. illegit.; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 621. 1879. ——Coccinia cordifolio auct. non (L.) Cogn.: Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 529. 1881, p. p. max., excl. syn. Bryonia cordifolia Linn. ; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 1054, 1921; Chakr. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17 (1): 117. 1959; 陈焕镛等, 海南植物志1: 483, 图265. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 371, 图6156. 1975.
  攀援草本；根粗壮；茎纤细，稍带木质，多分枝，有棱角，光滑无毛。叶柄细，有纵条纹，长2-5厘米；叶片阔心形，长、宽均5-10厘米，常有5个角或稀近5中裂，两面布有颗粒状小凸点，先端钝圆，基部有数个腺体，腺体在叶背明显，呈穴状，弯缺近圆形，深和宽均1-2厘米。卷须纤细，无毛，不分歧。雌雄异株；雌花、雄花均单生。雄花花梗细弱，长2-4厘米，光滑无毛；花萼筒宽钟形，长、宽均4-5毫米，裂片线状披针形，长3毫米；花冠白色或稍带黄色，长2.5-3.5厘米，5中裂，裂片卵形，外面无毛，内面有柔毛；雄蕊3，花丝及花药合生，花丝长2-3毫米，花药近球形，长6-7毫米，药室折曲。雌花梗纤细，长1-3厘米；退化雄蕊3，长1-3毫米，近钻形，基部有短的长柔毛；子房纺锤形，长12-15毫米，厚3-4毫米，花柱纤细，长6-7毫米，无毛，柱头3，长5-6毫米。果实纺锤形，长5厘米，径2.5厘米，熟时深红色。种子黄色，长圆形，长6-7毫米，宽2.5-4毫米，厚1.5毫米，两面密布小疣点，顶端圆。
  产于广东、广西（涠洲岛）和云南。常生于海拔100-1100米的山坡灌丛及林中。非洲热带、亚洲和马来西亚也有。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Coccinia grandis  (Linnaeus) Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 59. 1845.
红瓜   hong gua
Bryonia grandis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 640; Mant. Pl. 1: 126. 1767; Cephalandra indica Naudin, nom. illeg. superfl.; Coccinia indica Wight & Arnott, nom. illeg. superfl.
Roots robust. Stem slender, slightly woody, many branched, angular, glabrous. Tendrils filiform, glabrous, simple. Petiole slender, 2-5 cm; leaf blade broadly cordate, 5-10 × 5-10 cm, usually 5-angled or 5-lobed, base with several glands, apex obtuse. Plants dioecious; flowers solitary. Male pedicel slender, 2-4 cm, glabrous; calyx tube broadly campanulate, 4-5 mm; segments linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm; corolla white or slightly yellow, 2.5-3.5 cm; segments ovate, outside glabrous, inside pubescent; filaments and anthers connate; filaments 2-3 mm; anthers subglobose, 6-7 mm. Female pedicel slender, 1-3 cm; staminodes 3, 1-3 mm, nearly subulate, villous at base; ovary fusiform, 12-15 mm; style 6-7 mm; stigmas 3, 5-6 mm. Fruit red when mature, fusiform, ca. 5 × 2.5 cm. Seeds yellow, oblong, 6-7 × 2.5-4 mm, ca. 1.5 mm thick, both surfaces densely punctate, apex rounded. Fl. and fr. summer.
Thickets on mountain slopes and in forests; 100-1100 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan [tropical Africa and Asia].