榄仁树Terminalia catappa Linn.

别名：tropical almond;枇杷树;山枇杷树;榄仁;古巴梯斯;法国枇杷;山枇杷;楠仁树;岛朴;法国枇杷树;

科名：使君子科 Combretaceae

属名：诃子属 Terminalia

《中国植物志》第53(1)卷010页
  5．榄仁树（中山传信录、台湾植物名录）山枇杷树（海南）
  Terminalia catappa Linn. Mant. Pl. Gen. 1: 128. 1767, et 2: 519, 1771; Gagnep. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 750. 1920; Exell in Fl. Males. 1 (4): 566. 1954; 赵爱真, 植物分类学报7 (3): 231. 1958; 海南植物志2: 42. 图311. 1965; H. L. Li in Fl. Taivwan 3: 878. Pl. 851. 1977.
  大乔木，高15米或更高，树皮褐黑色，纵裂而剥落状；枝平展，近顶部密被棕黄色的绒毛，具密而明显的叶痕。叶大，互生，常密集于枝顶，叶片倒卵形，长12-22厘米，宽8-15厘米，先端钝圆或短尖，中部以下渐狭，基部截形或狭心形，两面无毛或幼时背面疏被软毛，全缘，稀微波状，主脉粗壮，上面下陷而成一浅槽，背面凸起，且于基部近叶柄处被绒毛，侧脉10-12对，网脉稠密；叶柄短而粗壮，长10-15毫米，被毛。穗状花序长而纤细，腋生，长15-20厘米，雄花生于上部，两性花生于下部；苞片小，早落；花多数，绿色或白色，长约10毫米；花瓣缺；萼筒杯状，长8毫米，外面无毛，内面被白色柔毛，萼齿5，三角形，与萼筒几等长；雄蕊10枚，长约2.5毫米，伸出萼外；花盘由5个腺体组成，被白色粗毛；子房圆锥形，幼时被毛，成熟时近无毛；花柱单一，粗壮；胚珠2颗，倒悬于室顶。果椭圆形，常稍压扁，具2棱，棱上具翅状的狭边，长3-4.5厘米，宽2.5-3.1厘米，厚约2匣米，两端稍渐尖，果皮木质，坚硬，无毛、成熟时青黑色；种子一颗，矩圆形，含油质。花期3-6月，果期7-9月。
  产广东（徐闻至海南岛）、台湾、云南（东南部）。常生于气候湿热的海边沙滩上，多栽培作行道树。马来西亚、越南以及印度、大洋洲均有分布。南美热带海岸也很常见。
  木材可为舟船、家具等用材。树皮含单宁，能生产黑色染料。种子油可食，也供药用。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Terminalia catappa  Linnaeus
榄仁树   lan ren shu
Badamia commersonii Gaertner; Juglans catappa (Linnaeus) Loureiro; Myrobalanus catappa (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Terminalia catappa var. chlorocarpa Hasskarl; T. catappa var. macrocarpa Hasskarl; T. catappa var. rhodocarpa Hasskarl; T. catappa var. subcordata (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Candolle; T. intermedia Bertero ex Sprengel; T. latifolia Blanco (1837), not Swartz (1788); T. moluccana Lamarck; T. myrobalana Roth; T. ovatifolia Noronha; T. paraensis Martius; T. procera Roxburgh; T. rubrigemmis Tulasne; T. subcordata Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow.
Trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 2 m d.b.h. Bark brownish black, longitudinally peeling. Branches spreading, forming tiers. Branchlets densely brownish yellow tomentose near apex, densely covered with conspicuous leaf scars. Leaves alternate, crowded into pseudowhorls at apices of branchlets; petiole 0.5-2 cm, stout, tomentose; leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, narrowed in proximal half, 12-30 × 8-15 cm, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially sparsely softly hairy when young, base narrow, cordate or truncate, apex obtuse or mucronate; lateral veins in 10-12 pairs. Inflorescences axillary, simple, long, slender spikes, 15-20 cm, numerous flowered; axis shortly white tomentose. Flowers fragrant. Calyx tube distally cupular, 7-8 mm, abaxially white tomentose, densely so on ovary, sparsely so on cupular part, adaxially glabrous; lobes 5. Stamens 10, exserted, 2-3 mm. Fruit not stipitate, red or blackish green when ripe, ellipsoid, slightly to strongly compressed, strongly 2-ridged to narrowly 2-winged (wings to 3 mm wide), 3-5.5 × 2-3.5 cm, glabrous; pericarp woody, rigid. Fl. Mar-Jun, Oct, fr. May, Jul-Sep.
Sandy seashores, beaches with humid climate, villages, grassy village commons, also cultivated as a roadside tree. Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan (including Lan Yu), SE Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India (including Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, Pacific islands; planted throughout the tropics as a shade tree].
The fruit is edible.